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jcopolicy-109
Democratic systems in Europe Harmonic experience in governance
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The systems of governance in Europe are characterized by ancient democratic systems that have developed and developed through a long history of political conflicts that have emerged from a social reality that feeds them and receives the resulting effects. This is an achievement that has been achieved after the sacrifices and great efforts in formulating models of good governance through which to realize the aspirations of their peoples. . The democratic system operates within a balanced mechanism of two competing parties to manage and direct the work of the government and the parliament. The parties that achieve the majority in the elections carry out the functions of the government supported by their parliamentary base belonging to one party or a group of parties that are intertwined within a common intellectual and ideological approach. The parties that did not win the position of opposition in parliament, each according to programs and plans that envisages the right management of the State and what he deems appropriate in the legislation of laws and the exercise of the functions of the government and the required parliamentary oversight to correct and avoid falling into the corners of mismanagement or corruption Which in many cases does not apply to this rule, despite the fact that it represents the basic principle of the democratic approach, namely, the principle of electoral majority, which necessitates the search for another democratic alternative that allows the administration of state affairs, with the participation of political parties In the work of the government and parliament or their consensus, in order to achieve the acceptance of all political parties and then their electoral rules. However, the departure from the rule of the electoral majority has produced new data that have made the system of consensus democracy in general its specificity as it is achieved

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 16 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
A Comparative Evaluation of the Centering Ability and Canal Transportation of Simulated S-Shaped Canals Instrumented with Different Nickel –Titanium Rotary Systems
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Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare centering ability and canal transportation of simulated S-shaped canals instrumented with four different types of rotary nickel-titanium systems. Materials and Methods: Forty simulated S-shaped canals in resin blocks were divided into four groups of ten each and were instrumented to an apical size 25 by different instrumentation technique using ProTaper Universal files (group A), ProTaperNext (group B), Reciproc (group C) and WaveOne (group D).Centering ability and canal transportation was measured at (11) measuring points from D0 to D10 bysuperimposion of the pre- and post-operative images obtained by using digital camera in standardized manner. An assessment of the canals

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Study of water productivity of wheat and moisture distribution under the influence of center pivot irrigation and different tillage systems for desert soils
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A field experiment was conducted to grow the wheat crop during the fall season 2020 in Karbala province, north of Ain Al-Tamr District in two locations of different textures and parent materials. The first site (calcareous soil) with a sandy loam texture, is located at (44° 40′ 37′) east longitude and (32° 41′ 34′) north latitude, at an altitude of 32 m above sea level, and an area of 20 hectares. As for the second location (gypsum soil) with a loam texture, it is located at a longitude (45° 41′ 39′) east and a latitude (33° 43′ 34′ north) and at an altitude of 33 m above sea level and an area of 20 hectares. To find out the effect of different tillage systems on water productivity and wheat yield under center pivot irri

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Crude Oil Price in its Global Market
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This paper addresses the factors responsible for changes in crude oil prices, in real market and financial sector. In order to prepare the analytical background for further investigation, it highlights the patterns of correlations of the real oil price and the most related prices of assets, exchange rate and government bond yield. The paper reviews the statistical behavior of oil price, quantities and the  global macroeconomic environment. Topics discussed include the theory of differential rent and scarcity effect ,the role of  future market and speculation, strategies of energy of the major economies to investigate the prospects of oil market and the potential demand for  OPEC's oil.  The paper explores the

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 05 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Technical Experimentation in contemporary plastic arts
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The current research that entitled (t Technical Experimentation incontemporary plastic arts) deals with study in used techniques and the material's functioning and its variations in artwork.It present the following questions :- 1-Does technical experimentation for mate an important phenomenon in contemporary art.2-Does technical experimentation construct an ability in creating new constructive and formative achievement in plastic art ?.The research includes three chapters . the first one deals with the problem of the research and its limits with the specification of terms . the second chapter present the technical Experimentation in contemporary plastic art with shapes display . the third chapter involves conclusions with discussions . t

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 19 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Accounting information system and its role in enhancing competitivness in the public industrial sector companies in iraq, from the standpoint of the auditors at the federal supeme audit board field study
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In a world of fierce competition companies of different activities strive to strengthen their competitiveness in order to be able to deliver greater value to their customers and gain a distinct sites in competition with other companies in the market at the local and international levels. Every company seeks to focus on one or more of the competitive capabilities in order to turn it into an obvious advantage or a number of competitive advantages to contribute in improving the performance and superiority over its competitors. Therefore, the management of companies no longer need only useful information for the internal aspects of the environment, but also need to include the external environment that includes various and constantly changin

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 11 2022
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
(639هـ) The speech act in the grammatical discourse, a study in the book "Guiding Al-Luma'" by Ibn Al-Khabbaz (639 AH)
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The study of the " Speech act " in grammatical codes reveals great efforts in the study of the elements of linguistic communication contained in their efforts, and is part of the study of the linguistics of heritage, and the research has been designed to identify the verbal act in the blog of Ibn al-Khabaz (guiding the shine) by studying its sections comprehensively; To the spirit of grammatical discourse as well as the combination of the concept of the semantic act already verbal according to Searle, and its response in the form of indirect verbal acts more than direct acts, as well as the pure formulas of the opinions of the violators in the speech of Ibn al-Khabaz other than the proven verbal formulas Approval and approval, the class

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 20 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Proposal guide for abilities building in SAIs: Applied research in the Federal Board of Supreme Audit
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SAIs has a pivotal role in enhancing public sector performance through its quest to achieve the greatest possible efficiency and effectiveness in its, so  it has to adopt applied framework for abilities building, the research aims to shed light on the role of SAIs and the nature of their  work,  and  the definition for its abilities building, and to prepare a proposal for abilities building applied to work with the SAI in the Republic of Iraq (of the Federal Board of Supreme Audit ),the Researchers reached conclusions, namely: abilities building is the outcome of the interaction between the reality of all of the employees of the SAI and the institution itself and the environment and the specific requirements of the de

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 23 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effect of Dividend Policy on Earnings Quality in The Companies listed in Iraq Stock Exchange
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The dividends is one of difficult and important decisions taken by the administration in the economic units, because this decision has a direct impact on the investor and economic unit, so the main objective of any investor is achieve earnings, as well as information borne by dividends about the earnings quality of the economic unit and the level and efficiency of management to achieving earnings.

The research aims at explaining the effect of the dividends policy on the earnings quality in the companies listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange. The Miller model was used to measu

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 26 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Health insurance services in the sustainability of human resources: )Analytical study in the Iraqi insurance company)
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Health insurance and its benefits are of great importance and impact on the employees who represent the human capital of each organization because they are related to the health reality. The study took into account the most important and the last of his writing of the concepts and literary reviews and enriched the theoretical part of the practical side has addressed the financial data and analysis for the period from 2013 to 2017 to know the impact and the relationship between the variables that They were reviewed on the theoretical side. The study came out with a number of results, on the basis of which practical conclusions were drawn and reflected what was observed on the basis of which the recommendations were formulated

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Role of SMEs in Economic Development in Jordan: The Case of Al Hassan Industrial Estate
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This study aimed at highlighting the role of small and medium enterprises in bringing about economic development in Jordan. The study examined the impact of the number, size of investment and the number of jobs provided by these enterprises on the rate of growth in gross domestic product (GDP) as an indicator for economic development. To achieve its objectives, the study adopted descriptive and quantitative analysis. A linear multi regression model was developed with a growth rate of GDP as dependent variable and the number of institutions, size of investment, and the number of job opportunities as independent variables. The study concluded that each increase by one small or medium enterprise lead to an increase in the rate of gr

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