Preferred Language
Articles
/
jcolang-853
Negation marker in Standard Persian : a typological analysis based on Givon’s functional model: عامل نفی در زبان فارسی معیار: بررسی رده‌شناختی براساس مدل نقش‌ گرایی گیون
...Show More Authors

 Abstract:

Typological analysis about  the negation marker  in different languages is one of the fields of research that has attracted much attention.  In Persian language, this constituent has been analysed from different aspects. This study aimed to analyse  different aspects of negation marker  in  the adjectives,  the noun phrases and  the verb phrases based on typological analysis.  Many studies have been revealed that  the negation in adjectives has shown lexically and morphologically. In the noun phrases, /hich/  has used as a negative marker necessarily marking the verb phrase as negative too. In the verb phrases, negation occurs morphologically by the addition of the prefix /na/(no) or its variations. In  the modal auxiliaries /khastan/ and /tawanestan/(can), aspectual auxiliary /budan/ (be) and lexicalized auxiliary /bayad/(must) negative marker occurs either before the auxiliary or before the main verb. Moreover, in the modal auxiliary /shodan/(will be)  and the lexicalized word /shayad/ (perhaps)  only the main verb is negated. However, aspectual auxiliary /dashtan/ (to have) has shown a different behavior in that its negative form and the negative form of the modal auxiliary become neutral. Negation filed in the  verb phrases and morphological negative adjectives is narrow and only a portion of negative proposition falls under the field of negation while negative field in the noun phrases is broad and includes the entire proposition.

Keywords: Typological analysis, negation marker  ,syntactic negation , emphatic negation, field  of negation

چکیده:

بررسی رده‌شناختی سازه نفی در زبان‌های گوناگون بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در زبان فارسی این سازه از بسیاری جهات قابل بررسی می‌باشد. این پژوهش کوشیده است با نگاهی رده‌شناختی به سازه نفی، جنبه‌های مختلف عامل نفی در صفات، گروه‌های اسمی و گروه‌های فعلی را بررسی کند. بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهند نفی در صفات به صورت ساخت‌واژی و واژگانی اتفاق می‌افتد. نفی در گروه‌های اسمی به کمک عامل منفی "هیچ" صورت می‌پذیرد که با منفی‌شدن اسم یا گروه اسمی، فعل نیز الزاما منفی می‌شود. در گروه‌های فعلی نفی به صورت ساختواژی با افزودن پیشوند "نـ" اتفاق می‌افتد. در فعل‌های معین وجه‌نمای "خواستن و توانستن"، فعل معین نمودنمای "بودن" و فعل معین واژگانی‌شده "باید" سازه منفی هم پیش از فعل معین قرار می‌گیرد هم پیش از فعل واژگانی. در فعل معین  وجه‌نمای "شدن" و فعل واژگانی‌شده "شاید"، تنها فعل واژگانی منفی می‌شود. فعل معین  نمودنمای "داشتن" رفتار متفاوتی از خود به نمایش می‌گذارد و تقابل صورت منفی این فعل نمودنما با صورت منفی وجه‌نمای آن خنثی می‌شود. سیطره عامل نفی در گروه‌های فعلی و صفات منفی ساخت‌واژی محدود بوده و تنها بخشی از گزاره را در بر می‌گیرد. در صورتی‌که سیطره نفی در گروه‌های اسمی گسترده و  دربرگیرنده همه گزاره است.

Received on 23/6/2023 

Accepted on 20/8/2023 

Published on 2/1/2024

Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Estudio en la traducción del lenguaje de los horóscopos en la prensa del idioma español al árabe A study in translating the language of the horoscope in the press from Spanish into Arabic
...Show More Authors

Resumen:

        El horóscopo que es una predicción deducida de la posición de los astros del sistema solar y de los signos de Zodiaco, intenta no sólo predecir el futuro, sino también influir en el comportamiento del lector, orientándolo para que actúe adecuadamente y la invitación a actuar ante ese futuro que se aconseja mediante imperativos, perífrasis y otros recursos lingüísticos. Los horóscopos se caracterizan por su gran popularidad que existen en periódico o revista en columnas enteras dedicadas al tema, en donde se detallan la influencia que tendrá el día o el mes de cada uno de los signos correspondientes al zodíaco, siempre teniendo en cuenta la posici

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Machine Learning And Data Mining In Pattern Recognition
A New Strategy for Case-Based Reasoning Retrieval Using Classification Based on Association
...Show More Authors

View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus (7)
Crossref (5)
Scopus Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Applied Study on Analysis of Fixed, Random and Mixed Panel Data Models Measured at specific time intervals
...Show More Authors

This research sought to present a concept of cross-sectional data models,  A crucial double data to take the impact of the change in time and obtained from the measured phenomenon of repeated observations in different time periods, Where the models of the panel  data were defined by different types of fixed , random and mixed, and Comparing them by studying and analyzing the mathematical relationship between the influence of time with a set of basic variables Which are the main axes on which the research is based and is represented by the monthly revenue of the working individual and the profits it generates, which represents the variable response And its relationship to a set of explanatory variables represented by the

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Speech Enhancement Algorithm Based on a Hybrid Estimator
...Show More Authors
Abstract<p>Speech is the essential way to interact between humans or between human and machine. However, it is always contaminated with different types of environment noise. Therefore, speech enhancement algorithms (SEA) have appeared as a significant approach in speech processing filed to suppress background noise and return back the original speech signal. In this paper, a new efficient two-stage SEA with low distortion is proposed based on minimum mean square error sense. The estimation of clean signal is performed by taking the advantages of Laplacian speech and noise modeling based on orthogonal transform (Discrete Krawtchouk-Tchebichef transform) coefficients distribution. The Discrete Kra</p> ... Show More
View Publication
Crossref (12)
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Jul 02 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Analysis of third intermediate chemistry book following sustainable development standards
...Show More Authors

The current research seeks to Analyze third intermediate chemistry book following sustainable development standards for academic year (2016-2017). To do this, a list of sustainable development standards that should be included in chemistry book was designed based on the previous studies. The first version of the list consisted of (50) sub-case divided into three standards (social, economic, and environmental) which was exposed to group of experts in teaching chemistry and teaching methods. The list has modified to (43) sub-case. The researcher followed the implicit and explicit meaning in his analysis: one for recording and repetition and the other for frequency. The result showed that third intermediate chemistry book has achieved (20)

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Tue Mar 18 2025
Journal Name
Physica Scripta
Design and Analysis of a highly sensitive open trapezoidal channel PCF-based Plasmonic Refractometric Sensor
...Show More Authors
Abstract<p>This study introduces a highly sensitive trapezium-shaped PCF based on an SPR refractometric sensor with unique design features. The structure of a sensor was designed and analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics v5.6 based on Finite Element Method (FEM) with a focus on investigating the influence of various geometric parameters on its performance. The two channels were coated with a metallic gold layer to provide chemical stability, and a thin layer of TiO₂ improved the gold's adhesion to the fiber. The findings indicate that the proposed sensor achieves maximum amplitude and wavelength sensitivities of 1,779 RIU⁻¹ and 30,500 nm/RIU, respectively, with corresponding resolutions of 3.2</p> ... Show More
View Publication
Scopus (4)
Crossref (3)
Scopus Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Nov 21 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
A Neural Networks based Predictive Voltage-Tracking Controller Design for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Model
...Show More Authors

In this work, a new development of predictive voltage-tracking control algorithm for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFCs) model, using a neural network technique based on-line auto-tuning intelligent algorithm was proposed. The aim of proposed robust feedback nonlinear neural predictive voltage controller is to find precisely and quickly the optimal hydrogen partial pressure action to control the stack terminal voltage of the (PEMFC) model for N-step ahead prediction. The Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO) implemented as a stable and robust on-line auto-tune algorithm to find the optimal weights for the proposed predictive neural network controller to improve system performance in terms of fast-tracking de

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref (7)
Crossref
Publication Date
Sat Aug 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Bridge Engineering
Torsional Analysis of Multicell Concrete Box Girders Strengthened with CFRP Using a Modified Softened Truss Model
...Show More Authors

Scopus (36)
Crossref (28)
Scopus Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Sep 08 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Convergence Analysis for the Homotopy Perturbation Method for a Linear System of Mixed Volterra-Fredholm Integral Equations
...Show More Authors

           In this paper, the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is presented for treating a linear system of second-kind mixed Volterra-Fredholm integral equations. The method is based on constructing the series whose summation is the solution of the considered system. Convergence of constructed series is discussed and its proof is given; also, the error estimation is obtained. Algorithm is suggested and applied on several examples and the results are computed by using MATLAB (R2015a). To show the accuracy of the results and the effectiveness of the method, the approximate solutions of some examples are compared with the exact solution by computing the absolute errors.

View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus (5)
Crossref (2)
Scopus Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Probabilistic Model building using the Transformation Entropy for the Burr type –xii Distribution
...Show More Authors

Entropy define as uncertainty measure has been transfared by using the cumulative distribution function and reliability function for the Burr type – xii. In the case of data which suffer from volatility to build a model the probability distribution on every failure of a sample after achieving limitations function, probabilistic distribution. Has been derived formula probability distribution of the new transfer application entropy on the probability distribution of continuous Burr Type-XII and tested a new function and found that it achieved the conditions function probability, been derived mean and function probabilistic aggregate in order to be approved in the generation of data for the purpose of implementation of simulation

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref