Preferred Language
Articles
/
jcolang-853
Negation marker in Standard Persian : a typological analysis based on Givon’s functional model: عامل نفی در زبان فارسی معیار: بررسی رده‌شناختی براساس مدل نقش‌ گرایی گیون
...Show More Authors

 Abstract:

Typological analysis about  the negation marker  in different languages is one of the fields of research that has attracted much attention.  In Persian language, this constituent has been analysed from different aspects. This study aimed to analyse  different aspects of negation marker  in  the adjectives,  the noun phrases and  the verb phrases based on typological analysis.  Many studies have been revealed that  the negation in adjectives has shown lexically and morphologically. In the noun phrases, /hich/  has used as a negative marker necessarily marking the verb phrase as negative too. In the verb phrases, negation occurs morphologically by the addition of the prefix /na/(no) or its variations. In  the modal auxiliaries /khastan/ and /tawanestan/(can), aspectual auxiliary /budan/ (be) and lexicalized auxiliary /bayad/(must) negative marker occurs either before the auxiliary or before the main verb. Moreover, in the modal auxiliary /shodan/(will be)  and the lexicalized word /shayad/ (perhaps)  only the main verb is negated. However, aspectual auxiliary /dashtan/ (to have) has shown a different behavior in that its negative form and the negative form of the modal auxiliary become neutral. Negation filed in the  verb phrases and morphological negative adjectives is narrow and only a portion of negative proposition falls under the field of negation while negative field in the noun phrases is broad and includes the entire proposition.

Keywords: Typological analysis, negation marker  ,syntactic negation , emphatic negation, field  of negation

چکیده:

بررسی رده‌شناختی سازه نفی در زبان‌های گوناگون بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در زبان فارسی این سازه از بسیاری جهات قابل بررسی می‌باشد. این پژوهش کوشیده است با نگاهی رده‌شناختی به سازه نفی، جنبه‌های مختلف عامل نفی در صفات، گروه‌های اسمی و گروه‌های فعلی را بررسی کند. بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهند نفی در صفات به صورت ساخت‌واژی و واژگانی اتفاق می‌افتد. نفی در گروه‌های اسمی به کمک عامل منفی "هیچ" صورت می‌پذیرد که با منفی‌شدن اسم یا گروه اسمی، فعل نیز الزاما منفی می‌شود. در گروه‌های فعلی نفی به صورت ساختواژی با افزودن پیشوند "نـ" اتفاق می‌افتد. در فعل‌های معین وجه‌نمای "خواستن و توانستن"، فعل معین نمودنمای "بودن" و فعل معین واژگانی‌شده "باید" سازه منفی هم پیش از فعل معین قرار می‌گیرد هم پیش از فعل واژگانی. در فعل معین  وجه‌نمای "شدن" و فعل واژگانی‌شده "شاید"، تنها فعل واژگانی منفی می‌شود. فعل معین  نمودنمای "داشتن" رفتار متفاوتی از خود به نمایش می‌گذارد و تقابل صورت منفی این فعل نمودنما با صورت منفی وجه‌نمای آن خنثی می‌شود. سیطره عامل نفی در گروه‌های فعلی و صفات منفی ساخت‌واژی محدود بوده و تنها بخشی از گزاره را در بر می‌گیرد. در صورتی‌که سیطره نفی در گروه‌های اسمی گسترده و  دربرگیرنده همه گزاره است.

Received on 23/6/2023 

Accepted on 20/8/2023 

Published on 2/1/2024

Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Fri Dec 29 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Potentiometric Analysis of Samarium Ion in Aqueous Solution Employing Selective Electrode Based on Crown Ethers - Samarium Picrate Complexes in a PVC Membrane
...Show More Authors

Samarium  ion selective  electrodes  we1·e  construct.ed  and  prepared

then  tested as  probefor  Samarium  ion detection  and determination  in different aqueous solutions.

The sensitive membrane is made of  PVC which contains Samarium

picrate complexed with either 18-crown-6 or 15-crown-5 ethers as active species.

Different  plasticizers:  phthalates  (DBPH),  phosphates  (DBP)  and

phosphonates  (DOPP) were incorporated into the membranes as solvent

mediators.

Every   membrane   was   evaluated   practically   following  &n

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sun Feb 25 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Prioritized Text Detergent: Comparing Two Judgment Scales of Analytic Hierarchy Process on Prioritizing Pre-Processing Techniques on Social Media Sentiment Analysis
...Show More Authors

Most companies use social media data for business. Sentiment analysis automatically gathers analyses and summarizes this type of data. Managing unstructured social media data is difficult. Noisy data is a challenge to sentiment analysis. Since over 50% of the sentiment analysis process is data pre-processing, processing big social media data is challenging too. If pre-processing is carried out correctly, data accuracy may improve. Also, sentiment analysis workflow is highly dependent. Because no pre-processing technique works well in all situations or with all data sources, choosing the most important ones is crucial. Prioritization is an excellent technique for choosing the most important ones. As one of many Multi-Criteria Decision Mak

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus (1)
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The effect of Layout in measuring customer satisfaction (patients) using (Servicescape) model
...Show More Authors

Abstract:

This research aims to identify the impact of the Layout Ghazi al-Hariri hospital for surgery specialist on customer satisfaction (patients) using the model (Servicescape), the problem of the research represented in the extent to which the hospital management design of the service and Layout hospital aesthetic and functional aspects that fit patients for therapeutic and nursing services , and used the developer scale by (Miles et al., 2012) for data collection, which includes the independent variable in (17) items distributed in three dimensions (Facility aesthetics , hospital cleanliness, and the Layout accessibility ) The dependent variable is the satisfaction of customers (pat

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparison of Estimates Nonparametric In Multiple Regression Analysis Function (Gamma ,Beta)
...Show More Authors

The use of non-parametric models and subsequent estimation methods requires that many of the initial conditions that must be met to represent those models of society under study are appropriate, prompting researchers to look for more flexible models, which are represented by non-parametric models                  

          In this study, the most important and most widespread estimations of the estimation of the nonlinear regression function were investigated using Nadaraya-Watson and Regression Local Ploynomial, which are one of the types of non-linear

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analysis of the relationship between Government spending compression and the window of the currency and its impact on the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar
...Show More Authors

The exchange rate is the backbone of  any economy in the world, whether  developed or developing, where most countries adopted  many policies, in order to ensure the stability of the exchange rate of the currency, because of its importance as a link between the local economy and the others ,And it contribute in the achievement of internal and external balance and despite the many different factors that affect it, but there is wide consensus on the effectiveness of the role of spending and the currency window in the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar, especially in the Iraqi economy, effectiveness As the increase in government spending lead to an increase in the supply of money and increase domestic demand and high pr

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Use Dividend Discount Model , DDM in Stocks Valuation With Framework of Inflation: An Applied Study
...Show More Authors

The theme of this Study presents analysis and discuss to the "Share the framework for assessing inflation," a practical study in a sample of joint stock companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange for the years (2009-2013). To determine the extent of the disparity between the nominal value of shares (Nominal Value) before deducting inflation and the real value (Real Value) per share, after deducting inflation in the case of zero growth. The study relied on annual reports of the companies of the research sample of the Iraq Stock Exchange, as well as the Iraqi Securities Commission. Besides the annual reports issued by the Ministry of Planning, as well as annual reports and statistical bulletin issued by the Central Bank of Iraq. It is fra

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Feb 28 2025
Journal Name
Journal Européen Des Systèmes Automatisés
Decision-Making Model for Aircraft Landing Based on Fuzzy Logic Approach
...Show More Authors

An aircraft's landing stage involves inherent hazards and problems associated with many factors, such as weather, runway conditions, pilot experiences, etc. The pilot is responsible for selecting the proper landing procedure based on information provided by the landing console operator (LCO). Given the likelihood of human decisions due to errors and biases, creating an intelligent system becomes important to predict accurate decisions. This paper proposes the fuzzy logic method, which intends to handle the uncertainty and ambiguity inherent in the landing phase, providing intelligent decision support to the pilot while reducing the workload of the LCO. The fuzzy system, built using the Mamdani approach in MATLAB software, considers critical

... Show More
View Publication
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Jan 14 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
A Nonlinear MIMO-PID Neural Controller Design for Vehicle Lateral Dynamics model based on Modified Elman Neural Network
...Show More Authors

This paper presents a new design of a nonlinear multi-input multi-output PID neural controller of the active brake steering force and the active front steering angle for a 2-DOF vehicle model based on modified Elman recurrent neural. The goal of this work is to achieve the stability and to improve the vehicle dynamic’s performance through achieving the desired yaw rate and reducing the lateral velocity of the vehicle in a minimum time period for preventing the vehicle from slipping out the road curvature by using two active control actions: the front steering angle and the brake steering force. Bacterial forging optimization algorithm is used to adjust the parameters weights of the proposed controller. Simulation resul

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Tue Sep 26 2023
Journal Name
Brazilian Journal Of Biometrics
Bifurcation analysis of commensalism intraction and harvisting on food chain model
...Show More Authors

In this paper, we study the incorporation of the commensalism interaction and harvesting on the Lotka–Volterra food chain model. The system provides one commensal prey, one harvested prey, and two predators. A set of preliminary results in local bifurcation analysis around each equilibrium point for the proposed model is discussed, such as saddle-node, transcritical and pitchfork. Some numerical analysis to confirm the accruing of local bifurcation is illustrated. To back up the conclusions of the mathematical study, a numerical simulation of the model is carried out with the help of the MATLAB program. It can be concluded that the system's coexistence can be achieved as long as the harvesting rate on the second prey population is

... Show More
View Publication
Scopus (14)
Crossref (7)
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Evaluating Training Programs According to model Kirkpatrick / field research in the Health Maysan Directorate .
...Show More Authors

This present paper aim at knowing  the process of evaluating the training program that could be applied  in Maysan Health office  for it significance and importance in field of management and vocational staff  preparations  of high  scientific experience in different fields of  Health.  The society of research includes staffs  working in Maysan Health Office  , of specialists ,  dentists, pharmacists, laboratories, nursing  and administrators. Their number is 100 employees, the researcher has designed questionnaire by depending on "Kirkpatrick"  for assessing  the training . The researcher has used   thorough survey and has entailed 90 questionnaire,

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref