Preferred Language
Articles
/
jcolang-853
Negation marker in Standard Persian : a typological analysis based on Givon’s functional model: عامل نفی در زبان فارسی معیار: بررسی رده‌شناختی براساس مدل نقش‌ گرایی گیون
...Show More Authors

 Abstract:

Typological analysis about  the negation marker  in different languages is one of the fields of research that has attracted much attention.  In Persian language, this constituent has been analysed from different aspects. This study aimed to analyse  different aspects of negation marker  in  the adjectives,  the noun phrases and  the verb phrases based on typological analysis.  Many studies have been revealed that  the negation in adjectives has shown lexically and morphologically. In the noun phrases, /hich/  has used as a negative marker necessarily marking the verb phrase as negative too. In the verb phrases, negation occurs morphologically by the addition of the prefix /na/(no) or its variations. In  the modal auxiliaries /khastan/ and /tawanestan/(can), aspectual auxiliary /budan/ (be) and lexicalized auxiliary /bayad/(must) negative marker occurs either before the auxiliary or before the main verb. Moreover, in the modal auxiliary /shodan/(will be)  and the lexicalized word /shayad/ (perhaps)  only the main verb is negated. However, aspectual auxiliary /dashtan/ (to have) has shown a different behavior in that its negative form and the negative form of the modal auxiliary become neutral. Negation filed in the  verb phrases and morphological negative adjectives is narrow and only a portion of negative proposition falls under the field of negation while negative field in the noun phrases is broad and includes the entire proposition.

Keywords: Typological analysis, negation marker  ,syntactic negation , emphatic negation, field  of negation

چکیده:

بررسی رده‌شناختی سازه نفی در زبان‌های گوناگون بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در زبان فارسی این سازه از بسیاری جهات قابل بررسی می‌باشد. این پژوهش کوشیده است با نگاهی رده‌شناختی به سازه نفی، جنبه‌های مختلف عامل نفی در صفات، گروه‌های اسمی و گروه‌های فعلی را بررسی کند. بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهند نفی در صفات به صورت ساخت‌واژی و واژگانی اتفاق می‌افتد. نفی در گروه‌های اسمی به کمک عامل منفی "هیچ" صورت می‌پذیرد که با منفی‌شدن اسم یا گروه اسمی، فعل نیز الزاما منفی می‌شود. در گروه‌های فعلی نفی به صورت ساختواژی با افزودن پیشوند "نـ" اتفاق می‌افتد. در فعل‌های معین وجه‌نمای "خواستن و توانستن"، فعل معین نمودنمای "بودن" و فعل معین واژگانی‌شده "باید" سازه منفی هم پیش از فعل معین قرار می‌گیرد هم پیش از فعل واژگانی. در فعل معین  وجه‌نمای "شدن" و فعل واژگانی‌شده "شاید"، تنها فعل واژگانی منفی می‌شود. فعل معین  نمودنمای "داشتن" رفتار متفاوتی از خود به نمایش می‌گذارد و تقابل صورت منفی این فعل نمودنما با صورت منفی وجه‌نمای آن خنثی می‌شود. سیطره عامل نفی در گروه‌های فعلی و صفات منفی ساخت‌واژی محدود بوده و تنها بخشی از گزاره را در بر می‌گیرد. در صورتی‌که سیطره نفی در گروه‌های اسمی گسترده و  دربرگیرنده همه گزاره است.

Received on 23/6/2023 

Accepted on 20/8/2023 

Published on 2/1/2024

Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2015
Journal Name
International J. Of Math. Sci. & Engg. Appls
On instability of zero solution of some types of fifth order
...Show More Authors

The purpose of this paper is to study the instability of the zero solution of some type of nonlinear delay differential equations of fifth order with delay by using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional approach, we obtain some conditions of instability of solution of such equation.

Publication Date
Fri Aug 07 2020
Journal Name
Key Engineering Materials
The Effect of Particle Size Distribution on some Properties of Gypsum
...Show More Authors

Gypsum is one of the important construction materials in Iraq in plastering surfaces and gypsum board , the ability of gypsum to give a comfortable an aesthetic ambiance as a construction material increase the need of gypsum , The particle size , total surface area and particle size distribution were factors affecting plaster properties used for construction properties . In this study gypsum paste was used with different mixing ratios of particle size and studied the physical properties of these types of pastes named (standard consistency ,setting time ,density) and compressive strength . The results showed that the water to gypsum ratio increased with increasing the fineness of the gypsum to (0.75%) and the setting time to the maxi

... Show More
View Publication
Scopus (5)
Crossref (5)
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Mar 31 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Effect of Nanoparticles and Surfactant on Phase Inversion of Two Phases
...Show More Authors

In the present study, a pressure drop technique was used to identify the phase inversion point of oil-in-water to water-in-oil flows through a horizontal pipe and to study the effect of additives (nanoparticles, cationic surfactant and blend  nanoparticles-surfactant) on the critical dispersed volume fraction (phase inversion point). The measurements were carried  for mixture velocity ranges from 0.8 m/sec to 2.3 m/sec. The results showed that at low mixture velocity 0.8 and 1 m/sec there is no effect of additives and velocity on phase inversion point, while at high mixture velocities the phase inversion point for nanoparticles and blend (nanoparticles/surfactant) systems was delayed (postponed) to a higher value of the dispers

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2020
Journal Name
Palarch's Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/egyptology
EMIRATI-ISRAELI NORMALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE PALESTINIAN-ISRAELI CONFLICT
...Show More Authors

The Arab-Israeli conflict passed through several stages before reaching the final stage of normalization, namely conflict, conflict and public normalization. Thus, the UAE became the third country to establish official relations with Israel after Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994. With the announcement of the normalization agreement, opinions varied between supporters and opponents of the idea of normalization with Israel, and some countries expressed their acceptance of establishing official relations between the Emirates and Israel, while others warned of the consequences of normalization, which they described as treachery. Although the UAE confirmed that the normalization agreement between the two sides was credited with stopping Israel's

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Ournal Of Advanced Research In Dynamical And Control System
Effect of magnetic field on peristaltic transport of bingham plastic fluid
...Show More Authors

Scopus (3)
Scopus
Publication Date
Sun Jul 31 2022
Journal Name
International Review Of Civil Engineering (irece)
Bearing Capacity Factor of Shallow Foundation on Reinforced Sloped Clayey Soil
...Show More Authors

The placement of buildings and structures on/or adjacent to slopes is possible, but this poses a danger to the structure due to failures that occur in slopes. Therefore, a solution or improvement should be determined for these issues of the collapse of the structure as a result of the failure of the slopes. A laboratory model has been built to test the impact of some variables on the bearing capacity factor. The variables include the magnitude of static axial load applied at the center of footing, the depth of embedment, the spacing between geogrid reinforcement layer and the numbering of the geogrid sheet under the footing, the inclination angle of slope clayey soil (β), the spacing between the footing's edge and the slope's end (b/H). Th

... Show More
View Publication
Crossref
Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
Annals Of Fuzzy Mathematics And Informatics
Topology of cubic bipolar structures and its application on Q-algebra
...Show More Authors

In this paper, we define a cubic bipolar subalgebra, $BCK$-ideal and $Q$-ideal of a $Q$-algebra, and obtain some of their properties and give some examples. Also we define a cubic bipolar fuzzy point, cubic bipolar fuzzy topology, cubic bipolar fuzzy base and for each concept obtained some of its properties.

Publication Date
Sun Feb 24 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Morphology, chemical and electrical properties of CdO Nanoparticles on porous silicon
...Show More Authors

In this paper, CdO nanoparticles prepared by pulsed laser deposition techniqueonto a porous silicon (PS) surface prepared by electrochemical etching of p-type silicon wafer with resistivity (1.5-4Ω.cm) in hydrofluoric (HF) acid of 20% concentration. Current density (15 mA/cm2) and etching times (20min). The films were characterized by the measurement of AFM, FTIR spectroscopy and electrical properties.

  Atomic Force microscopy confirms the nanometric size.Chemical components during the electrochemical etching show on surface of PSchanges take place in the spectrum of CdO deposited PS when compared to as-anodized PS.

The electrical properties of prepared PS; namely current density-voltage charact

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Feb 18 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The effect of cigarette smoking on salivary IgA and periodontal disease
...Show More Authors

Background: Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of tissues supporting the teeth. Salivary compositions have been most intensely studied as a potential marker for periodontal disease. In this study, analysis of saliva provides a simple and non-invasive method of evaluating the role of salivary IgA (s-IgA) levels in periodontal disease by detecting the level of (s-IgA) in patients with chronic periodontitis smokers and non smokers patients and correlate the mean (s-IgA) levels with clinical periodontal parameters Plaque index (PLI) gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Materials and Methods: The study samples consists of (15) patients with chronic periodontitis who were non smokers (

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Fri Apr 22 2022
Journal Name
Neuroquantology
Effect of Some Essential Oils on American Cockroach Periplaneta Americana L
...Show More Authors

Essential oils were extracted from Syzqiumoramac clove, Nigella sativa and eucalyptus oil for purpose of studying effect of these oils on adult cockroaches as repellents and extent of their attraction to them by treating biscuits with three concentrations (0.5, 0.25,1%). The results showed that clove oil was significantly more repellent than black seed oil at a concentration (1%), as average for five days was (0.32) compared to black seed oil (1.36). Insects attracted towards lunch averaged 7.58, 14 and this indicates fading of repellent effect due to penetration of the aroma of volatile clove oil. Results also showed that clove oil has a more lethal effect by direct spraying on nymphs and adults than black seed oil, as mortality in

... Show More
Preview PDF
Crossref