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An excerpt on the analysis of correlate constructions: Exkurs zur Analyse der Korrelatkonstruktionen
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The main idea that led me to write such research paper within the framework of Germanic linguistics is that I have not found any topic dealing with the term correlate in the German language, except in several articles in linguistic journals as well as one topic in a book describing the use of such a linguistic phenomenon in the language system. The research initially deals with the definition of the correlate at the level of the German language system. Correlate is unity describes specific relation of two sentences and identifies denoted constructs. Correlate is called a placeholder at the syntactic level because it does not occupy its original topological fields in the syntactic structure. The correlate (es) or the prepositional adverbs or adverbs can occur in the matrix clause, it is the second feature. The third categorical feature of the correlate is morphological, in that the correlate is inflexible and the last feature shows that the correlate does not confer case features on its syntactic environment, where the correlate possesses the matrix clause. The correlate can appear as the first part of the complex connector in the subordinate clause or the infinitive construction. The last feature refers to the fact that the correlate construction can be attributive in the complex sentence, whereby the sentence structure, which is the constituent of attributively formed correlate specifiers, is embedded.

The research presents the conceptual content of the linguistic expression described by the correlate, functioning as a pro-element in the major premise and considered as a dentate. It is a matter of denotation of the correlate and deictic expressions. Furthermore, the present research sheds light on the obligatory and optional use of the correlate constructions in the German sentence. In German there are correlates when using certain verbs. In addition, certain linguistic constructions or expressions require correlates of both particles and prepositional adverbs. The reasons for this are contextual and communicative aspects.

In relation to the contextual-communicative aspects such as verbs affect the connection with the correlate. She signals the connection through the grade particles. Compared to other verbs, the use of the correlate (es) is reduced. The reason for this is the appearance of degree particles as well, even, at most, only, only. This can be the case if the grading of the text passage does not focus on the extreme predicate, but rather on the infinitive construction or the subordinate clause. This was studied at work.

Then it was examined how the correlate constructions occur with certain subjunctives by dividing them into two forms, namely attributive correlate constructions and left displacement constructions. If the correlate occurs before the subjunctive phrase, it is called an attributive correlate construction. This form is also called a correlate specifier. The subjunctive phrase has the function of being an attribute for the correlate. They can be directly followed by the correlate, whereby it is possible that the correlate alone carries the main clause after deducting the so-called phrase.

Zusammenfassung

Die Hauptidee besteht darin, wie sich das Phänomen Korrelat im deutschen Sprachsystem anwenden lassen. Solche Forshchungsarbeit verortert sich im Rahmen der germanistischen Sprachwissenschaft. Da Sprachstudien – über ihre linguistische Relevanz hinaus – auch den Lernenden nützliches empirisches bzw. didaktisches Material zur Wortschatzerweiterung einen Überblick erarbeitet, spielt doch die linguistische Forschungsarbeit eine große Rolle bei der Verbesserung der Sprachkompetenz und der Syntaxverfahren. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Korrelatkonstruktionen im Deutschen. Es geht um die Konnektstellungsmöglichkeiten und topologische Felder der relevanten sprachlichen Ausdrücke in dem deutschen Text. Der Ausgangspunkt ist dezidiert die deutsche Sprache. Anhand der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Fragen gestellt, ob es kategoriale Merkmale für die Korrelatestellung gibt oder welche spachsystematischen Voraussetzungen die Anwendung des Korrelates bestimmen. Des Weiteren wird in dieser Arbeit beleuchtet, was der Grund dafür ist, dass das es als Korrelat genannt wird. Das grammatikalische es, bestimmte Adverbien wie sogar, nur und die Partikel wie auch gehören zu den unterschiedlichen Subklassen der Wortarten. Die deutschen Grammatiken gehen darin in ihren Publikationen nicht ein. Die vorliegende Forschung untersucht diese Problematik.

Die Forschung untersucht den begrifflichen Inhalt des sprachlichen Ausdrucks, den das Korrelat beschreibt, wobei es im Obersatz als Pro-Element fungiert und als Denotat betrachtet wird. Es handelt sich um Denotat des Korrelats und deiktische Ausdrücke. Des Weiteren beleuchtet die vorliegende Forschung obligatorischen und fakultativen Gebrauch der Korrelatkonstruktionen in dem deutschen Satz. Im Deutschen stehen Korrelate bei der Verwendung bestimmter Verben. Daneben fordern bestimmte sprachliche Konstruktionen bzw. Ausdrücke Korrelate sowohl Partikeln als auch Präpositionaladverbien. Die Gründe dafür sind kontextuelle sowie kommunikative Aspekte.

Received on 10/1/2023 

Accepted on 20/8/2023 

Published on 2/1/2024)

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
The artistic and performing methods of the sass dance in Baghdad "An Analytical Study": أمير علي رضا
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The research study includes shedding light on the sas dance in Iraq, as it is one of the popular legacies that are rich in the Mesopotamian civilization and because of the different practices it has in the different occasions on which these dances are held. Which is one of the kinetic arts widespread among the classes of Iraqi society. The researcher explained its features and artistic content that characterizes Iraqi music. The (methodological framework) reviewed the justification, importance and purpose of the research, and the limits of the research that included the (National Troupe of Folk Art) as a human limit to discover the artistic methods of the Sas dance and then define the terms of the search. The "theoretical framework" cont

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 02 2017
Journal Name
Al-academy
The semiology of culture and the sign variable in a theatre performance: Iraqi theatre as an example
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The culture of theatre performance has a vital role in the process of reading the linguistic and visual signs of the performance. And the process of transforming a theatre performance from its original context into a new hosting cultural context starts from the actual reading of the text. Directors derives their new signs out of his personal culture, depending on the society where they lives and the culture that forms the social conventions, traditions and beliefs. The text is usually written within its own historical and temporal culture. The process of its production usually takes it away from its original culture, when it interprets the codes of the original writer and their visual and linguistic signs and instils new alternative sign

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Role of The Knowledge Management Processes in Insurance Service Performance: An Applied Research at The National Insurance Company
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The research aims to measure the relationship and the impact of knowledge management processes to achieve the performance of insurance service, as well as analysis of the reality of the National Insurance Company to identify the level of overall performance, and to achieve this goal, it has been the selection of knowledge management processes according to the survey prepared a supplement to the study (Qubaisi, 2002), and of the four operations (knowledge generation, and storage of knowledge, and the distribution of knowledge, and application of knowledge), which represented the independent variable, and the performance has been the use of quantitative and qualitative measures, (sales growth, customer satisfaction), which represented the

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 08 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of The Iraqi University
THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC AMBIGUITY IN BUILDING THE CUSTOMER’S MENTAL IMAGE: AN EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN THE NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY
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Publication Date
Tue Feb 01 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Special Education
Cultural Perspective of Male Outfit in the Text of the Play of Hamlet by William Shakespeare and the Application of (the Status of Apparels) Textual Analysis
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Publication Date
Mon Dec 05 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
An Evaluation of the Activity of Prepared Zinc Nanoparticles with Extracted Alfalfa Plant in the Treatment of Heavy Metals
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The alfalfa plant, after harvesting, was washed, dried, and grinded to get fine powder used in water treatment. We used the alfalfa plant with ethanol to make the alcoholic extract characterized by using (GCMass, FTIR, and UV) spectroscopy to determine active compounds. Alcoholic extract was used to prepare zinc nanoparticles. We characterized Zinc nanoparticles using (FTIR, UV, SEM, EDX Zeta potential, XRD, AFM). Zinc nanoparticle with Alfalfa extract and alfalfa powder were used in the treatment of water polluted with inorganic elements such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Cd, Ag by (Batch processing). The batch process with using alfalfa powder gets treated with Pb (51.45%), which is the highest percentage of treatment. Mn (13.18%), which is the lowe

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 05 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
An Evaluation of the Activity of Prepared Zinc Nanoparticles with Extracted Alfalfa Plant in the Treatment of Heavy Metals
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The alfalfa plant, after harvesting, was washed, dried, and grinded to get fine powder used in water treatment. We used the alfalfa plant with ethanol to make the alcoholic extract characterized by using (GC-Mass, FTIR, and UV) spectroscopy to determine active compounds. Alcoholic extract was used to prepare zinc nanoparticles. We characterized Zinc nanoparticles using (FTIR, UV, SEM, EDX Zeta potential, XRD, AFM). Zinc nanoparticle with Alfalfa extract and alfalfa powder were used in the treatment of water polluted with inorganic elements such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Cd, Ag by (Batch processing). The batch process with using alfalfa powder gets treated with Pb (51.45%), which is the highest percentage of treatment. Mn (13.18%), which is the

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 21 2026
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Hematology
Assessment of the immunomodulatory cytokines interleukin-35, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-β in patients with idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia purpura on treatment with romiplostim: A cross-sectional analysis
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BACKGROUND: Idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia purpura is an autoimmune bleeding disorder that accounts for approximately one-third of clinical hemorrhagic diseases. Pathophysiologically, it involves a complicated imbalance in the immune system. OBJECTIVES: This study focuses on evaluating the levels of the immunomodulatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-35, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF)-β in patients with refractory idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia undergoing treatment with romiplostim. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study encompassed 78 individuals with idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia and conducted measurements of different immunomodulatory cytokines in response to different responses of idiopath

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 31 2012
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Empirical Equations for Analysis of Two-Way Reinforced Concrete Slabs
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There are many different methods for analysis of two-way reinforced concrete slabs. The most efficient methods depend on using certain factors given in different codes of reinforced concrete design. The other ways of analysis of two-way slabs are the direct design method and the equivalent frame method. But these methods usually need a long time for analysis of the slabs.

In this paper, a new simple method has been developed to analyze the two-way slabs by using simple empirical formulae, and the results of final analysis of some examples have been compared with other different methods given in different codes of practice.

The comparison proof that this simple proposed method gives good results and it can be used in analy

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2008
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
تحليل – الكلفة – الحجم – الربح – في ظل نظام الكلفة على أساس الأنشطة
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Recent advancement in production technologist of manufacturing processes have left an important effects upon cost structure. Moreover the problem for providing necessary and adequate information for managerial decision making.

Therefore the cost – volume – profit analysis under the new activity based costing has replace the old method for Analysing the relation between C.V.P with respect to profit planning and control.

In brief the C.V.P object is to discuss the effect of changes on profit resulting from changes in sales volume, cost of manufacturing and selling price.

This study consists of four chapters:

The first chapter dea

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