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jcolang-740
The Use of the Definite article in the Ottoman Turkish Language in the Fourteenth and Seventeenth Centuries: Qaboos Namah and Mazaki Collection as a Model: '' Kabusnâme ve Mezâkî Divanı Örneğinde ''14. ve 17. Yüzyılarda Osmanlı Türkçesinde Harf-i Ta'rifin Kullanması Üzerine Bir İnceleme
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The Turks used the Ottoman Turkish language from the thirteenth century to the twentieth century.  During this period and under the influence of Islamic civilization, a large number of words and structures were used from the Arabic and Persian languages, Therefore, many Arabic grammatical structures were used in the Ottoman Turkish language, such as the definite article simply because it was widely used.

The paper is concerned with the use of the Arabic definite article in the Ottoman Turkish language, and the aim of this contrastive study is to find out the similarities and differences between the two languages ​​in terms of meaning and structure. Since linguistic studies depend on the practical side or applied approach, two works written in the Ottoman language were discussed:   Qaboos Namah by Sheikh Sadr al-Din Oglu from the 14th century and Mazaki Poetry Collection by Suleiman Dede from the 17th century. 

In our study, we showed how to use the definite article with words and phrases.  The use of the definite article is used differently with words and phrases.  This rule similarly applies to the Ottoman Turkish language. The Arabic definite article is also prefixed to the noun in prepositional phrases and pharses with articles. This rule is applicable in Ottoman Turkish where affixes are added to single words, noun and adjective phrases as well as nominative affixes when translated into Arabic.

Özet

Türk milleti 13. Yüzyıldan 20. Yüzyıla kadar Osmanlı Türkçesini kullandılar . Bu dönemde İslam medeniyeti etkisiyle Osmanlı Türkçesine Arap ve Fars dillerinden çok sayıda kelime ve terkipler girmiştir. Dolayısıyla Osmanlı Türkçesine Arapça gramer unsurları da girmiştir bunlardan en önemlisi sıkca kullanılanan harfi tâ'rifidir.
Araştırmamızda Osmanlı Türkçesinde Arapça harfi tâ'rifinin kullanımı ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı iki dil arasındaki anlam ve yapı bakımından benzerlik ve farklılıkları ortaya çıkarmak hedeflenmiştir. Osmanlı Türkçesi üç döneme ayrıldığı için on dördüncü ve on yedinci yüzyılları seçilmiştir ve harfi tâ'rifin kullanımındaki farklılığı belirtilmiştir. Bu çalışma da uygulamalı yönüne bağlı olduğu için Şeyhoğlu Sadrüddin'in ''Kabus- nâme Tercümsi'' adlı eser kitabı ile Süleyman Dede'nin '' Mezâkî Divanı'nın '' adlı divanı metinleri esas alınarak incelenmiştir.
Çalışmamızda harfi tâ'rifin kelime ve terkiplerle kullanılımını gösterilmiştir. Harfi tâ'rifin kelime ve terkiplerde kullanımı farklıdır. Harfi tâ'rifi Osmanlı Türkçesinde de mevcuttur. Bu duruma belirtilme adı verilir ve kelimelere ilgi veya yükleme eki getilirerek kurulur.

 

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 02 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Role of the Media in Empowering People with Disabilities to Participate in Society
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Disabled people are among the most important groups that need attention, care, and financial and moral care. They cannot fulfill the requirement of life normally without care from a person to meet their special needs. The disability is either mental or physical. The Iraqi government has paid attention to this category by adopting a law for this category, represented by Law No. (38) for the year (2013), which keeps their rights and duties in Iraqi society by  establishing institution of persons with disabilities and special needs of the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs to create a modern society politically, socially, culturally or economically. In view of the importance of this group in society, the media reinforces the communit

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 04 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
HUMAN MODELING IN THE IRAQI PRESS: (A Survey of Human Modeling for March And April 2011)
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This research deals with what so called concept of The Human Model and how Iraqi Media concerns of this concept practically as it plays a key role in attracting readers, on the first hand. On the second, it is important to shed light on the scientific desire of the Iraqi Media and how it deals with this contemporary trend especially in editorial media.

The importance of the research stems from the fact that it alerts to a new stream of modern trends in journalistic writing, according to many modern Arab and foreign media studies; and to the importance of employing human modeling in dealing with facts, events, issues and problems in various editorial arts within their effective influence in concilia

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 04 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of financial technology in improving the financial performance of banks: A field study on a sample of private banks in Erbil governorate
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Abstract:

               Today, the financial and banking sector is witnessing a qualitative shift thanks to financial technology services, which provide their services to many individuals and companies in quick, easy and less expensive ways compared to traditional means. Financial technology is a new form of financial science that combines financial transactions and technological skills concerned with providing financial services and improving the work environment within Banking institutions, and financial technology provides many advantages such as lower transaction costs, instant payment, and saving more time and effort in conducting banking

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Use Principal Component Analysis Technique to Dimensionality Reduction to Multi Source
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This paper tackles with principal component analysis method (PCA ) to dimensionality reduction in the case of linear combinations to digital image processing and analysis. The PCA is statistical technique that shrinkages a multivariate data set consisting of inter-correlated variables into a data set consisting of variables that are uncorrelated linear combination, while ensuring the least possible loss of useful information. This method was applied to a group of satellite images of a certain area in the province of Basra, which represents the mouth of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the Shatt al-Arab in the province of Basra.

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Algebraic Statistics
The effect of compound exercises for the arm least used in developing the accuracy of the passing skill of the handball for ages (15-17) years
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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of marketing recovery in improving the organization's reputation An applied study of a sample of private bank managers in Baghdad
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This research aims to know and the role of the marketing recovery dimensions in improving the organization's reputation through an exploratory study of private banks in the city of Baghdad. The aim of the research is to define the role of the marketing recovery through its dimensions (compensation, apology, speed of response, assistance and problem solving), in improving the organization's reputation, as the research will attempt to provide a theoretical framework for the dimensions studied through the most important of what researchers presented and then conduct the applied aspect of the research. Data were collected using a questionnaire-based survey consisting of 35 questions and distributed to 110 managers of private banks in

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Study the reality of vocational education in the province of Basra Applied statistical study for the period 2004/2005 – 2010/2011
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         Vocational education is the basis of contemporary educational movement that aims at satisfying human needs. Societies can develop their human resources via setting programs for the working class as an aspect of the comprehensive national development. Vocational education is the main source of technical cadres the Iraqi labor market requires of the vocational preparatory schools to provide after three years of schooling.

        The vocational schools of the governorate of Basra have a number of problems that lead to the lack of proficiency of their graduates. This study is an attempt to identify these problems or obstacles

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 30 2025
Journal Name
حوليات أداب عين شمس
السمات التخطيطية والعمارية للمساجد العراقية في العصر الملكي (1921-1958م) مسجد الشاوي انموذجا (دراسة ميدانية)
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تخطيط المسجد -العصر الملكي

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Semantic features in the phenomena in the pottery of Dr. Ahmed Sulaiman Al-Ahmed / Trees behind fence as a sample: Semantic features in the phenomena in the pottery of Dr. Ahmed Sulaiman Al-Ahmed / Trees behind fence as a sample
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Abstract
This research deals with studying and analysis of a poetic group under the
title (Trees behind fence) of the great poet Dr. Ahmed Sulaiman AlAhmed
who is the some of the Shek , Sulaiman Al-Ahmed who is the linguist - poet
and famous jurist member in the Arabic scientific assemble in Damascus and
brother of the great poet Badawi Al-Jabal. This poetic group include two big
poetic legends : the first one is (Trees behind fence , ) which include one
hundred and eighty four line and the second one ( AZ-Mebadia ) which is
consists of one hundred and seventy eight line, both of them from the (Al-
Camil ) meter which is free rhyme which bears a many meaning and pictures
and just the great poet composite the

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2008
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
استخدام أساليب ألامثلية لحل مشكلة النقل (دراسة تطبيقية )
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Transportation problems are considered as a type of operation research problems. In fact, they deal with scheduling transportation of goods from their source to delivery sites in the minimum cost.

Such problems can be solved by the available traditional methods, which include; North-West corner, Least cost and Vogel’s method. As well as if this transportation problem is considered as a linear program it can also be solved by using Simplex method

The goal of the present study is to compare different research methods to provide the optimal and minimum cost.

This study was applied to resolve a transportation problem related to land Transportation Company, w

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