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Comparison between Ghassan Kanafani's Novel " Ma tabaqa lakom" and William Faulkner's "The Sound and the Fury" from the Perspective of the American School (the methodology of the novelistic theme and style): مقایسة دو رمان "ماتبقّي لكم"کنفانی و " خشم و هياهو"ی فاکنر بر اساس مكتب آمريكا (بررسی روش شناختی محتوایی و سبکی )
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     Being the meeting points of the world different languages and out of a scholarly perspective, comparative literature represents a cultural leap as well as an artistic and intellectual development or a global literary movement of both prose and poetry. Such homogenous literary structure requires a systematic and coherent study of the literary output of the people different cultures and civilizations. It also represents the theoretical approach of the present study that debates a systematic comparison between Ghassan Kanafani’s All That's Left to You and William Faulkner’s. The Sound and the Fury.  Within the perspective of the descriptive analysis approach, the present paper discusses the points of similarities and differences of the two novels and explains the artistic achievements of both novelists that have always been the center of the conceptual and methodological studies for the scholars and researchers of comparative studies. The importance of the present study lies in adapting the systematic and the theoretical aspects that have deliberately or accidentally marginally been included in the previous comparative studies. One of the basic similarities of the two novels lies in the use of the poetic dictions expressed within the psychological novel pattern and described through stream of consciousness. Hence, it is necessary to approach the two works in dialogue with the American school that have always taken the interest in studying different literary genres of different cultures. Of the most important findings of the systematic studies based on theoretical aspects of comparative study of the two novels: 1. stylistically speaking, both novels follow the stream of consciousness approach but it is less obvious in Ghassan Kanafani’s novel where the effect of his shrewd style cannot be ignored. 2. Thematically speaking, Ghassan Kanafani’s creativity lies in the touch of the optimism employed rather than the pessimistic characteristics expressed in Faulkner’s novel which is the very essences of the modern psychological novel.

چكيده

ادبیات تطبیقی نه فقط نقطة تلاقی زبان ها، فرهنگ‏‏ها و ملیت‏های گوناگون بلکه به تعبیر پژوهشگران این اثر، نقطة کانونی یک خیزش فرهنگی، یک نهضت تمدنی و یک جنبش ادبی جهانی است که گاه در لباس نثر و دیگرگاه در زیور شعر خودنمایی می کند و چنین شاکله‏ای اندام‏وار، طبیعتا بررسی روش‏مند و منسجم‏تر دستاوردهای ادبی ملل مختلف  را اقتضا می کند. همین دغدغه پژوهشگران را  برآن داشت تا دو رمان "ما تبقّي لكم" غسان كنفاني و "خشم و هياهو" ويليام فاكنر را با تکیه بر روش توصیفی – تحلیلی بررسی  کنند و هم با بيان وجوه تشابه و تفاوت ميان اين دو اثر، سبك روايي و خلاقيت دو نويسنده را نشان دهند و هم پژوهشگران و دانش اندوزان حوزة ادبیات تطبیقی را با اصول روش‏شناختی پژوهش کیفی آشنا سازند. ضرورت و اهمیت پژوهش در این است که مطالعات پیشین انجام شده –خواه یا ناخواه- از بررسی روشمند و نظری در مقام مقایسة رمان‏های مورد مطالعه غافل بوده اند. دستاوردهای اصلی پژوهش اینکه وجه اشتراک اين دو رمان در به کارگيري زبانی شاعرانه و داشتن ويژگي‏هاي رمان روان‏شاختي مدرن و صبغه سیال ذهنی متبلور است و همین ویژگی ها بررسی تطبیقی با رویکرد آمریکایی را در پژوهش اقتضا می‏کند که قائل به مطالعة ادبیات در فراسوی مرزهای خاص یک کشور است . سرانجام بررسی روش‏مند دو رمان و کاوش در مطالعات پیشین، یافته ها و نتایج استواری را ارائه می دهد از جمله اینکه: 1- کنفاني با خوش‏بيني، بدبيني‏هاي موجود در رمان روان‏شاختي نو را مي‏زدايد؛ ولي فاکنر نسبت به اين امر همچنان امانت­دار بوده و روح بدبيني و ناکامي بر رمانش حکم­فرماست. 2- ويژگي‏هايِ سبكيِ جريانِ سيّالِ ذهن بر هر دو اثر حکمفرماست و در رمان کنفاني رگه‏هایی از تأثیرپذیری وجود دارد  والبته خلاقیت سبکی کنفانی امری انکارناپذیر است.  

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of cognitive processes in the areas of organizational changeApplied Study in the Directorate General of Training and Development / Ministry of Electricity
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Centric study on the interest of the Directorate General of Training and Development / Ministry of Electricity to consolidate the concept of process and enhancement of knowledge in the areas of organizational change، it reached a sample of the study (44) people who are highly heads of departments، technicians and administrators in different sections of the Directorate and by using the correlation coefficient (Spearman) & coefficient of simple regression been tested correlations between variables and the impact of the study، as has been reached to integrate the role of cognitive processes with the areas of organizational change and relationships that were significant at the level of overall dimensions and subsidiary organs.

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The use of the Biz method and classical methods in estimating the parameters of the binary logistic regression model
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Abstract

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 26 2021
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Education and the Challenges of Globalization during the Corona Pandemic: A Field Study from Baghdad University Professors’ Point of View: ميسم ياسين عبيد
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Fri Dec 01 2023
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Ni2+, Pt4+, Pd2+, and Mn2+ Metal ions Complexes with Azo Derived from Quinolin-2-ol and 3-amino-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl) Benzenesulfonamide: Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Study ,and Antioxidant Activity
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Diazotization reaction between quinolin-2-ol and (2-chloro-1-(4-(N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)-2l4-diazyn-1-ium was carried out resulting in ligand-HL, this in turn reacted with the next metal ions (Ni2+, Pt4+, Pd2+, and Mn2+)  forming stable complexes with unique geometries such as (tetrahedral for both Ni2+ and Mn2+, octahedral for Pt4+ and square planer for Pd2+ ). The creation of such complexes was detected by employing spectroscopic means involving ultraviolet-visible which proved the obtained geometries, fourier transfer proved the formation of azo group and the coordination with metal ion through it. Pyrolysis (TGA &

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