With the advancement of technology ,the study of cross-cultural communication via on line has become an important and researchable topic in linguistic theory and its applications.The aims of this study are two- fold (a) exploring the influence of cultural diversity on on-line interaction between American native speakers (NSs) and Iraqi non-native speakers (NNSs) of English which, together with other factors might potentially lead to what Thomas(1983) calls "pragmatic failure" (PF), a main cause of communication breakdowns and (b) specifying which type of PF occurs more frequently between the two groups along with the reasons behind such failures. To achieve these objectives , a number of online chats conducted between (10) American speakers of English and (8) Iraqi graduate students of English were collected and analyzed on the basis of Thomas' (1983) division of PF in an attempt to verify the assumption that pragmatic failure is a result of cultural diversity between the two groups of participants.Results revealed that the cultural differences between the two groups could be a major cause of misunderstanding ie. PF., a finding which can be of value to textbook designers and teachers of English as a foreign language (FL)who are required to improve students' pragmatic ability in classroom by focusing not only on their grammatical competence but also on their pragmatic competence.
The penalized least square method is a popular method to deal with high dimensional data ,where the number of explanatory variables is large than the sample size . The properties of penalized least square method are given high prediction accuracy and making estimation and variables selection
At once. The penalized least square method gives a sparse model ,that meaning a model with small variables so that can be interpreted easily .The penalized least square is not robust ,that means very sensitive to the presence of outlying observation , to deal with this problem, we can used a robust loss function to get the robust penalized least square method ,and get robust penalized estimator and
... Show MoreMaintaining the manuscript, keep on national identity are a means to write history, so states seek to maintain, through a set of legal rules that criminalize the abuse as well as the development of national and international legal mechanisms. Algeria, was a state of the colony
José Echegaray, dramaturgo español, obtuvo premio Nóbel de literatura en (1904), político, orador, economista y dramaturgo. Con su obra "El gran Galeoto" en 1881, llegó a la cumbre de la popularidad.
Henrik Ibsen, dramaturgo noruega, creador del drama moderno, por sus obras realistas que abordan problemas psicológicos y sociales. Y a que fue el iniciador del teatro de tesis del teatro social. Ibsen, dramaturgo noruega, cuya obra influyó notablemente en el teatro europeo de finales del s. XIX y principios del XIX ; en gran parte en la obra de Echegaray, Galdós (1) y Benavente (2).
Los presentes autores empezaron sus producciones bajo el romanticismo que fue poco a poco añadiendo ideas del naturalismo y el realismo dramátic
José Echegaray, dramaturgo español, obtuvo premio Nóbel de literatura en (1904), político, orador, economista y dramaturgo. Con su obra "El gran Galeoto" en 1881, llegó a la cumbre de la popularidad.
Henrik Ibsen, dramaturgo noruega, creador del drama moderno, por sus obras realistas que abordan problemas psicológicos y sociales. Y a que fue el iniciador del teatro de tesis del teatro social. Ibsen, dramaturgo noruega, cuya obra influyó notablemente en el teatro europeo de finales del s. XIX y principios del XIX ; en gran parte en la obra de Echegaray, Galdós (1) y Benavente (2).
Los presentes autores empezaron sus producciones bajo el romanticismo que fue poco a poco añadiendo ide
... Show MoreThe flexibility of interaction between the movement of macroeconomic variables that affect and are affected by the balance of payments, especially the movement of the current account, implies a perception of the maturity of economic development and what the theory assumes from the launch of a wide range of economic movement that varies in the degree of its influence according to the level of economic development and the vitality of the internal/external overlap relations through the assumed response to the movement of the macroeconomic variables. On this basis, it is possible to estimate the soundness and rationality of the economic decision taken that takes into account the required reciprocal repercussions between the current a
... Show MoreDiabetes mellitus caused by insulin resistance is prompted by obesity. Neuropeptide Nesfatin-1 was identified in several organs, including the central nervous system and pancreatic islet cells. Nesfatin-1 peptide appears to be involved in hypothalamic circuits that energy homeostasis and control food intake. Adiponectin is a plasma collagen-like protein produced by adipocytes that have been linked to the development of insulin resistance (IR), diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Resistin was first identified as an adipose tissue–specific hormone that was linked to obesity and diabetes. The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between human serum nesfatin-1, adiponect
... Show Moreان الحالة الانسانية في العراق تنطوي على تحديات كبيرة تتمثل بالفقر – والبطالة – وازدياد المدن العشوائية البائسة التي تفتقر الى المياه الصالحة للشرب ومنظومات الصرف الصحي – وتدني مستوى الخدمات العامة – والهجرة من الريف الى المدينة نتيجة تدهور امكانيات القطاع الزراعي – والتزاحم في المدن الكبيرة – وتداعيات التصحر – والتدهور البيئي – وتبديد الموارد الطبيعية – ومافيات الفساد والتهريب – وكذا الحال مع ا
... Show MoreThe purpose of the study is to identify the need to improve health services in Iraq by determining the efficiency of service in health care centres and working on exploiting limited resources through choosing the most efficient technological art represented by using precast concrete technology to fill the shortfall in the establishment health centres for primary care and to explain the impact of this on saving resources, time, and increasing production efficiency. To achieve this, the quantitative analysis adopted as a methodology in the study by determining the size of the deficit in the infrastructure of health centres for primary care according to the standard of a he
... Show MoreMental disorders (MDs) are a common problem in Primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs). Many people with serious MDs are challenged by symptoms and disabilities that result from the disease and by stereotypes and prejudice due to misconceptions about mental illness. This study aims at evaluating the knowledge, and attitude toward mental health concepts and services and causes of the reluctance to seek those services among people attending PHCCs. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The random sampling technique was used to include (10) of Directorates of Health (DoHs) coverage north, middle, and south of Iraq. The study was executed in (50) selected PHCs, (5) PHCCs in each DoH involved randomly selected (30) people attending th
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