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OUTDATED VOCABULARY in A. I. HERZEN's NOVEL " who is to BLAME?": УСТАРЕВШАЯ ЛЕКСИКА В РОМАНЕ А. И. ГЕРЦЕНА «КТО ВИНОВАТ?»
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The article considers the main reason for A. I. Herzen's address to obsolete words, which is their ability to acquire a stylistic coloring in the context of speech, as well as the possibility of combining, in some cases, with neutral lexemes of various functional styles. A certain stylistic effect of such characteristics of this type of vocabulary is represented, as a result of which their stylistic coloring in syntagmatic terms does not coincide with stylistic coloring in terms of paradigmatics, that is, in speech they have a completely stylistic meaning. Attention is focused on the role of outdated vocabulary, which consists in the fact that they serve to implement such features of the artistic style as imagery, emotionality, and their main task is to emotionally affect the reader, which Herzen skillfully uses. It is argued that for the outdated vocabulary of the novel “Who is to blame?” By A.I. Herzen, the successful coexistence of the modern era for the writer of language and speech appears characteristic. The nature of the combination of these two linguistic elements, their scope, methods, and techniques for introducing elements of the language of the epoch depicted into the fabric of a work of art are specific.

В статье рассмотрена главная причина обращения А. И. Герцена к устаревшим словам, которая состоит в их способности приобретать в контексте речи стилистическую окраску, а также возможности сочетания в некоторых случаях с нейтральными лексемами различных функциональных стилей. Репрезентирован определенный стилистический эффект таких характеристик этого типа лексики, вследствие чего их стилистическая окрашенность в синтагматическом плане не совпадает со стилистической окраской в плане парадигматики, то есть в речи они совсем имеют совершенно стилистическое значение. Акцентируется внимание на роли устаревшей лексики, состоящая в том, что они служат для реализации таких черт художественного стиля как образность, эмоциональность, а их главная задача – эмоционально воздействовать на читателя, чем мастерски пользуется Герцен. Утверждается, что для устаревшей лексики романа «Кто виноват?» А. И. Герцена характерным представляется успешное сосуществование современного для писателя языка и речи изображаемой эпохи. Характер сочетания этих двух языковых стихий, их объем, способы, приемы введения элементов языка изображаемой эпохи в ткань художественного произведения являются специфическими.

 

 

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2016
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Lights statement in the first part    From the Qur'an
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My research tagged [the lights of the statement in the first part of the Koran] came to show that the dear book was developed according to a precise linguistic system is not increased by a word or letter or movement - Aldmh and Kira and the hole - and does not lack anything of it except with the wisdom required by the meanings of the Koranic text or Sura generally . The Koran does not come falsehood from his hands or from behind it is infallible and preserved; because it was revealed by the sage Hamid Hamid ﭽﮗ ﮘ ﮙ ﮚ ﮛ ﮜ ﮝ ﮞ ﭼ [stone]. The Qur'an is safe from any verbal or moral dominance and dominates all the heavenly books and exists at any time and place that speaks the truth ﭽ ﯛ ﯜ ﯝ ﯞ ﯟ ﯹ ﯺﭼ [The

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 19 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Dental arches dimensions, forms and its association to facial types in a sample of Iraqi adults with skeletal and dental class II-division 1 and class III malocclusion(A cross sectional study)
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Background: The association between facial types and dental arches forms has considerable implications in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The aim was to establish the maxillary and mandibular dental arches width and length in skeletal and dental class II division 1 and class III malocclusion groups, find out the most frequent dental arch form and facial type and the association between them and to check the gender differences. Materials and Methods: Frontal and lateral facial photographs and maxillary and mandibular occlussal photographs for 90 iraqi subjects with age 18-25 years old (45 males and 45 females) divided equally into three groups, the 1st group with class II division 1malocclusion (overjet more than 3mm but less t

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 23 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Molecular Modeling and in Silico Characterization of a Pathogenesis-Related Protein-10 (PR10) and its Coding Genes in some Oryza Species
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Sat Nov 12 2022
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The relationship of salary localization and the growth of bank deposits: (applied research for a sample of private banks)
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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
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Heat Production Rate and Radiation Hazard Indices from Radioactive Elements in Different Types of Natural Water in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq.
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The current study sheds light on the measurement and estimation of the radioactivity of radionuclides (238U, 226Ra, 232Th, and 40k) in natural waters of different regions of Nineveh Governorate in Iraq.15 samples were collected from different sources of natural waters, where gamma-ray spectroscopy was used using NaI)TI) sodium iodide detector to determine the concentration of radioactivity in the samples. According to the results, the radioactivity concentration in the tested water sample were ​​ranged from 0.36 ± 0.04-1.57 ± 0.09with an average value of 0.69 ± 0.06 Bq/l for 238U, and 2.9 ± 0.02-0.88 ± 0.03 with an average value of 0.65 ± 0.03 Bq/l for 226Ra Bq/l

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Mon Sep 01 2014
Journal Name
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Suggested Model for accounting disclosure proactive and reflect on the decisions of investors: Applied research in a sample of industrial companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange
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Publication Date
Fri Sep 25 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
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Sun Jan 20 2019
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Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities for Novel Derivatives of 2,2'-(((1-benzylbenzoimidazol-2-yl)methyl)azanediyl)bis(ethan-1-ol)
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Synthesis, Antibacterial and Molecular Docking Study of Novel 2-Chloro-8-Methoxy-3-Aryl-[1,3] Benzoxazine Derivatives Using Vilsmeier Reagen
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Reducing of ethyl 4-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)benzoate (1) afford ethyl 4-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl) amino)benzoate (2). Reaction of this compound with Vilsmeier reagent affords novel 2-chloro-[1,3] benzoxazine ring (3). The corresponding acid hydrazide of compound 3 was synthesized from reaction of compound (3) with hydrazine hydrate. Newly series of hydrazones(5a–i) were synthesized from reaction of acid hydrazide with various aryl aldehydes. Antibacterial activity of the hydrazones wassecerned utilizing gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Compound (5b) and (5c) exhibited significant antibacterial ability against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, while the compounds(5a) showed mild antibacterial activit

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Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
A Feminist Stylistic Analysis of Anti-feminist Poetry in English and Arabic
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Language plays a major role in all aspects of life. Communication is regarded as the most important of these aspects, as language is used on a daily basis by humanity either in written or spoken forms. Language is also regarded as the main factor of exchanging peoples’ cultures and traditions and in handing down these attributes from generation to generation. Thus, language is a fundamental element in identifying peoples’ ideologies and traditions in the past and the present. Despite these facts, the feminist linguists have objections to some of the language structures, demonstrating that language is gender biased to men. That is, language promotes patriarchal values. This pushed towards developing extensive studies to substantiate s

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