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The use of Arabic-Islamic Theme in The Stories of Western writers: El empleo del material árabe-islámico en las historias de los escritores occidentales
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This article presents and  explores the theoretical aspect in the use of Arab Islamic theme by the western writers to obtain and achieve individual motives. In this study the model for the theory of Arab presence in Andalusia  , through the book entitled “ Alhamra” by the English writer Washington Erving ,was  analyzed.

The most important results in this research: the success of  the author in the employment of the Islamic history in the formation of the first American legend, Columbus legend, through the selection of the right thoughts to establish his American National theory.  The author compared between the Andalusia experience and the Arab occupation to Spain and the American conquest of the new continent. This comparison is based on the  Fight and Building theory. The Arab occupation of Spain came as a result of the weakness and deterioration of Europe . During the occupation time, Arabs built a civilization which was remarkable for its scientific and cultural excellence. Erving exploits this experience to justify the appearance of the United States on the expense of the aboriginal people.  

The writer  holds comparison between the Moriscos, the Muslims of Spain who were a mixture of Arabs, Berbers, and Spanish people, and the new nation which was born in America . Then he points out the past of the  disunited Arabs at the late period of their Andalusian state  to warn the American of his time from disunity and sectarianism , and the absence of the heroic leadership. In both cases he exploits the Islamic Arab history not to serve the contemporary Arabs but to form  the American self-image.

Resumen

Este artículo trata de presentar o revelar el aspecto teórico del uso del material árabe- islámico por parte de escritores occidentales con el objetivo de lograr motivos individuales, motivos que merecen ser seguidos y estudiados y que luego analizamos; como ejemplo, la teoría de la presencia árabe- islámica en el Al-Ándalus de Washington Irving en su libro Alhambra.

Los resultados más importantes de la investigación son: El éxito de Washington Irving en el uso de la historia islámica para formular el primer mito estadounidense, el mito de Colón al elegir las ideas correctas para realizar su teoría nacional estadounidense, el escritor comparó entre la experiencia de Al-Ándalus y la ocupación de los árabes a España y la ocupación de los primeros americanos al nuevo continente y esta comparación que apoya a la teoría de la lucha y la construcción, la ocupación de los árabes llegó a España en un momento de debilidad y decadencia en Europa y durante el período de ocupación o conquista árabe, los árabes construyeron la civilización árabe caracterizada por la superioridad cultural y científica y era la mediadora en Europa a la edad del Renacimiento. Esta experiencia es una forma de justificar la construcción de los Estados Unidos en  la tierra de población indígena, por lo tanto el escritor comparó entre los moriscos (musulmanes de España), que son mezclas de árabes, bereberes, españoles y la nueva población que nació en Estados Unidos. Luego, hace escritor una referencia al pasado de la decadencia y la división de los árabes en los últimos días del Estado musulmán en Al-Ándalus, advirtiendo a los estadounidenses de su era de la división, la fragmentación, el sectarismo y la ausencia de un liderazgo heroico. En ambos casos, la historia islámica árabe se emplea no para servir a los árabes contemporáneos, sino para formar la imagen del yo estadounidense.

 

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
The social imagination and its representations in the paintings of students of the Department of Art Education
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The aim of this research is to identify how to employ the social imagination and its representations in the paintings of the students of the Department of Art Education. Students of the Department of Art Education in the light of this tool, and the researcher reached a number of results, the most important of which are:
1. The indicator of the social imagination in the excitement of the artist and the recipient, because the representations are embodied in forms within the painting and close to reality.
2. An artistic sample of the representational imagination and the creative imagination was found to be more than the imaginary imagination.
3. Individual symptoms related to the term.
4. The representations of the socia

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of tourism in economic growth-outlook for the role of tourism in Iraqi marshes development.
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The tourism activity is one of the pillars on which the economy of any country is based , the importance of the tourism sector is reflected in its potential to become an effective development alternative in many countries, especially Iraq ,this has a direct impact on the national economy as an important source in attracting hard currency and eliminating unemployment. Adding the Iraqi Marshlands to the list of effects makes it contribute to diversification of sources of income and stimulating rest of the economic sectors, the potentials and qualifications possessed by Iraq in the field of tourism and monuments have a significant impact on the state budget if they were exploited optimally. The research aims at identifying the contr

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
THE ROLE OF ELECTRONIC MARKETING IN PROMOTING THE PRODUCTS OF THE NATIONAL INDUSTRY IN IRAQ: THE ROLE OF ELECTRONIC MARKETING IN PROMOTING THE PRODUCTS OF THE NATIONAL INDUSTRY IN IRAQ
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ABSTRACT

The research aims to clarify the role of electronic marketing and what it can achieve in promoting the products of the national industry in Iraq. Marketing channel depends on modern communication and information technology that industrial and metal companies can use in promoting and selling their products along with traditional marketing outlets. To achieve the objectives of the research, a questionnaire was used, which consists of three axes, the first includes the personal data of the sample (gender, age, educational attainment, place of residence, marital status, income level), while the second axis includes various questions about the products of the national industry. Third axis includes que

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 29 2022
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Explanation of the correct jurisprudence for calculating the value of the selling price, not the purchase, in the zakat of trade offers
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 After completing the research, with the help and success of God  Almighty , I will summarize what has been mentioned in a concise and understandable form, without boring prolongation or abbreviation .

    The subject, in general, was clarified, clarified and corrected, as I mentioned, for an incorrect concept, about paying zakat on trade goods.

    It has known trade offers parts and combination of language and idiomatic .

   The rule of zakat on trade goods, and evidence from the Qur'an, Sunnah and consensus .

    As well as the conditions of its zakat according to the jurists and their differences in it .

    It

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 11 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Process in the Acquisition of Rhetorical Concepts of Students in The Fifth Grade Literary
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   To investigate the research objectives, the researchers put the following hypothesis:

There was no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average score of the students of the experimental group who studied the language of rhetoric according to model of learning method, and the average score of the students of the control group who studied the same article in the traditional way acquiring rhetorical concept.    The researchers relied on the experimental design with the partial setting of the post-test, which depends on the experimental group that is taught using the model of the learning method, and the control group taught using the traditional method.   

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Samples of Al Samarqandi’s Selection in some of Washing Laws and the touch of the Grecians Quran in his book (The scholars’ Masterpiece)
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The Research is interested in the detailed comparative study of certain selection of
Imam Alsamarqandi in some subjects of washing and touching the Gracious Quran.
The value of this study is that it is related to one aspect of the duties obliged on Muslim
like parity.
The study has tried to collect certain scholars’ opinions of eight doctrines with the
selection of Alsamarqandi to make a comp arson between them and to show how
Alsamarqandi is able to create legal laws from his sources to lead the researchers nto have
knowledge about the syllabi of the famous scientists.
Finally we ask God to bless to what is right and to accept this study and make it part of
our good deeds, Ameen.

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 19 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Federal Board of Supreme Audit and Role in the Assessment of Tax Performance: An Applied Research in The General Commission of Taxes
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The success of any institution must be based on means to protect its resources and assets from the waste, loss, misuse and the availability of accurate and reliable data by accounting reports to increase its operational efficiency, namely, that the internal control system is considered as a safety valve for top management in any economic unit. The problem is represented by the need for an efficient system, so to ensure its success, there must exist external parties which monitor and evaluate the performance because of its importance by following clear criteria. So, the research problem came to address performance evaluation indicators which are set by the Federal Board of Supreme Audit (FBSA) and identify the extent of its contribution t

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
A Standard Study of the Role of the Tourism Sector in Achieving Economic Growth in Tunisia for the Period (1995-2017
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This study examines the relationship between the increase in the number of tourists coming to Tunisia and GDP during the period 1995-2017, using the methodology of joint integration, causal testing and error correction model. The research found the time series instability of the logarithm of the number of tourists coming to Tunisia and the output logarithm but after applying the first differences, these chains become stable, THUS these time series are integrated in the first differences. Using the Johansson method, we found the possibility of a simultaneous integration relationship between the logarithm of the number of tourists coming to Tunisia and the logarithm of GDP in Tunisia, and there is a causal relationship in one direc

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of accounting disclosure in raising the quality of tax settling accounts: Applied research in the General Commission for Taxes
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The research aims to highlight the role of accounting disclosure in raising the quality of tax settling accounts so as to enhance confidence between taxpayers (corporates) and tax authority, standing over companies commitment to take care of  their financial statements which are  prepared to the appropriate accounting disclosure of tax authority. It has been noticed that a good disclosure about the results of the activity leads to the acceptance of the tax authority to the results which are stated by the financial statements and the tax is linked on its bases.   The researcher depends on the deductive approach which based on Arabic and foreign references, books, researches, previous  studies,  scientific &nb

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effect of the Promotional Mix in Achieving Competitive Advantage in Industrial Organizations
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Purpose – determine the impact of the promotional mix in achieving competitive advantage in industrial organizations.

Problem- indicated a clear deficiency in employing the dimensions of the marketing mix in ensuring a competitive advantage for the researched organization.

Design/methodology/approach – Al-Dora Refinery was selected as a field of application. The sample was chosen by an intentional sample of (143) individuals in the Human Resources departments. The questionnaire was adopted as a data acquisition tool that was prepared based on a set of ready-made standards after being subjected to a number of v

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