The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the concept of fuzzy logic ,its application in linguistics ,especially in language teaching and the fuzziness of some lexical items in English.
Fuzziness means that the semantic boundaries of some lexical items are indefinite and ideterminate.Fuzzy logic provides a very precise approach for dealing with this indeterminacy and uncertainty which grows (among other reasons) out of human behavior and the effect of society.
The concept of fuzzy logic has emerged in the development of the theory of fuzzy set by Lotfi Zadeh(a professor of computer science at the university of California) in 1965.It can be thought of as the application side of the fuzzy set theory. In linguistics, few scholars have dealt with this phenomenon, among them, Lakoff (1972), Labov (1973), and Aitchison (1994). Consequently, very little literature is available on this concept in linguistics. The researcher has to collect bits of information scattered in various fields of knowledge.
The paper is of three sections: section one surveys briefly some of the semantic terms which are closely related to lexical fuzziness, since it is a problem of meaning by nature, like denotation versus connotation and intension versus extension. Section two is of two main parts. The first explores in detail the emergence of fuzzy logic, shedding light on its development and the criticism to it. The second part is devoted to lexical fuzziness, trying to discover its characteristics, the reasons behind its existence in languages, its relation to other similar concepts like vagueness, its application in teaching a second language and some other related titles.
The present study aimed to measure the calendar estimates for my book Physics of the preparatory phase (fourth and fifth preparatory) has been a research sample consisted of 32 teachers and a school for 36 schools from both sides of the Rusafa and Karkh first To achieve the objectives Find promised researcher tool for measuring the calendar estimates for my book Physics of the preparatory phase in accordance with the contemporary scientific innovations as formed tool from 5 innovations built on the basis of which the paragraphs which formed the final version of the 21 paragraph manual are not substitutes to answer yes -No Your has been used Baha percentages to reach the results may reach current research conclusion which is defic
... Show Moreتناول هذا البحث مراجعة لعدد من الكتب التي ألفت في جغرافية العراق العربية منها والإنكليزية، وتحديداً الكتب في العصر الحديث، إذ توصل البحث الى وجود مجموعة من الكتب التي تناولت مختلف جوانب العراق الطبيعية منها والبشرية، اتضح أن بعض الكتب الجغرافية تناولت الجانب الجغرافي الطبيعي فقط، في حين أن كتب أخرى تناولت الجانب الجغرافي البشري فقط. وأخرى جمعت بين الجغرافية الطبيعية والبشرية للعراق.
The impact of religion in the character of the King Amenmhet I
1991-1961B.C.
This research try to show the influence of the religion in the character of King Amenmhet I , he entered the names of the gods in the installation of his names, because he aimed to the trust of fellows and to get the loyalty centers of worship, and deliberately enter the name of the god Amun in the composition of his name and make him the first god of the state, which covered all the gods of Egypt, after the merge with each other, such as the gods Re became the god Amun - Re or after he inherited the functions of some of the other recipes such as what happened with the god Min
جاء التقويم ليكون مكملا للعمليات التعليمية يساعد على الوقوف على نتائجها وسبل النهوض بها والوقوف على المعوقات التي تقف امام مسيرتها وقد عنيت عمليات التقويم باهتمام كبير من قبل القائمين على العمليات التعليمية اذ عقدت العديد من المؤتمرات والندوات واجريت العديد من الدراسات عالميا ومحليا من اجل الوقوف على هذه العملية المهمة الداعمة للتعليم والنهوض بمستويات المتعلمين ، ومن بي
... Show Moreيعد التحليل العاملي Factor Analysis أحد الأساليب الإحصائية المهمة والتي يصعب تنفيذها يدويا ً أو بالألات الحاسبة الصغيرة لذا لاقى الباحثين صعوبة في إستخدامه في البداية بل كان من المستحيل القيام به ، لذا فالمؤلف قد تناول التحيلي العاملي الاستكشافي لكونه إسلوب إحصائي يستخدم في تحليل البيانات ويتطلب شروطا ً لأستخدامه ودقة في مراعاة هذه الشروط ويتطلب أيضا ً معايير يجب أن يتأكد الباحث من توافرها في البيانات وهذا ما تم ت
... Show MoreThe wisdom of the Creator ensures the call of every prophet with a miracle that would be something beyond what is familiar from the customs
The process of identifying the region is not an easy process when compared with other operations within the attribute or similarity. It is also not difficult if the process of identifying the region is based on the standard and standard indicators in its calculation. The latter requires the availability of numerical and relative data for the data of each case Any indicator or measure is included in the legal process
Footnotes are considered as an important phenomenon in the lectures of grammar. Al-Khudari's footnote is one of the most distinguished one other than its counterparts due to the prestigious and scientific status of its author