The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the concept of fuzzy logic ,its application in linguistics ,especially in language teaching and the fuzziness of some lexical items in English.
Fuzziness means that the semantic boundaries of some lexical items are indefinite and ideterminate.Fuzzy logic provides a very precise approach for dealing with this indeterminacy and uncertainty which grows (among other reasons) out of human behavior and the effect of society.
The concept of fuzzy logic has emerged in the development of the theory of fuzzy set by Lotfi Zadeh(a professor of computer science at the university of California) in 1965.It can be thought of as the application side of the fuzzy set theory. In linguistics, few scholars have dealt with this phenomenon, among them, Lakoff (1972), Labov (1973), and Aitchison (1994). Consequently, very little literature is available on this concept in linguistics. The researcher has to collect bits of information scattered in various fields of knowledge.
The paper is of three sections: section one surveys briefly some of the semantic terms which are closely related to lexical fuzziness, since it is a problem of meaning by nature, like denotation versus connotation and intension versus extension. Section two is of two main parts. The first explores in detail the emergence of fuzzy logic, shedding light on its development and the criticism to it. The second part is devoted to lexical fuzziness, trying to discover its characteristics, the reasons behind its existence in languages, its relation to other similar concepts like vagueness, its application in teaching a second language and some other related titles.
Research aims
1. Measuring expectations of self-efficiency at teachers of secondary schools.
2. Measuring biological skills at teachers of secondary schools.
3. There is no sole or gathering forecasting of forecasting expectations of self-efficiency , may forecasts about biological skills at teachers of secondary schools.
To fulfill aims of the research, the researcher managed measuring of expectations of self-efficiency according to point of view of Bandura for this concept in this research, arranging measure of biological skills according to view of global health, the researcher has made to investigate of truth , constant these two measurements, analyzing statistically their two paragraphs on a sample (460) teachers (males
he planning process is generally aimed at developing the city and making it meet the needs of different citizens. The green areas constitute one of the basic needs of the city and with the rapid and unusual growth in the size of cities, especially in the third world countries, which is often embodied in capitals. Which was achieved as a result of many reasons, including political, economic and social and even enshrined through some of the decisions that were issued and the city of Baghdad, but a clear example of these cities. The city and the environment are inseparable terms. The city is where people spend their lives and their daily experiences, and the environment is the center in w
... Show MorePeriodontitis is one of the most prevalent bacterial diseases affecting man with up to 90% of the global population affected. Its severe form can lead to the tooth loss in 10-15% of the population worldwide. The disease is caused by a dysbiosis of the local microbiota and one organism that contributes to this alteration in the bacterial population is Prophyromonas gingivalis. This organism possesses a range of virulence factors that appear to contribute to its growth and survival at a periodontal site amongst which is its ability to invade oral epithelial cells. Such an invasion strategy provides a means of evasion of host defence mechanisms, persistence at a site and the opportunity for dissemination to other sites in the mouth. However, p
... Show MoreCurrent search aims to identify the creative thinking of the kindergarten teachers and
solving professional problems among kindergarten teachers skills, and whether the level of
creative thinking in solving professional problems, according on marital status years of
service academic achievement of teachers as well as to identify the correlation between the
two variables the current sample consisted of (300) teachers to achieve the objectives of the
stndy , the researcher used two measures, one to measure creative thinking and the other to
measure the solution to the problems of professional kindergarten teachers skills. It has been
shown. validity and reliability of the two measures. The present stndy aims to identif
The role of internal control is based on the effectiveness of the budget through an analysis of the reality of the budget in the research sample as it was studied in the preparation and preparation stages and the implementation stage. The sample showed that the sample did not comply with what is stated in the Ministry of Finance publication of instructions and ceilings. In the process of preparing and resulting from the occurrence of deviations in large proportions both in the discussion of the Ministry of Finance or when implementation as a low rate of implementation and the absence of allocations for some items, although there is a need for them as well as the transfer of large proportions of transfers both up or down and the purpose o
... Show MoreThe aims of this research is to investigate : The nature of academic specialization of the officials of Baghdad University Presidency , Level of job performance of the officials of Baghdad University Presidency through job performance appraisal form per year , Differences in the levels of job performance of the officials of Baghdad university presidency , according to the variables (sex , academic specialization , the current work , the duration between the date of graduation and the date of appointment , service duration) , The relationship of academic specialization of the officials of Baghdad university presidencywith their job performance . The researcher has followed the analytical descriptive mode to achieve the aims of this resear
... Show MoreThe current research aims to identify the level of compulsive buying behavior and Histrionic Personality among a sample of primary school teachers for the academic year (2021-2022) and in the light of some variables
(sex, marital status). To measure the Histrionic Personality, the researcher applied two scales to a random stratified sample of (200) male and female teachers. The results showed statistically significant differences in the level of compulsive buying behavior according to the gender variable and in favor of female teachers. There are no statistically significant differences in terms of marital status. There are statistically significant differences in the Histrionic Personality based on gender variables in favor of f
... Show More1. Anti-social behavior Baghdad University students.
2. Know the differences in anti's social behavior according to gender, specialization.
3. Know-the need for love at Bagdad University students.
4. Know the relationship between anti-social behavior and the need to love.
The research sample consisted of (100) students, the researcher numbers tools to measure anti behavior and the need to love.
The results showed that college students have an anti-social behavior is weak and they need to love and there is no correlation between them Function relationship. Researcher has shown a number of recommendations and proposals.