During the 1970s, communicative view of language teaching began to be incorporated into syllabus design. The central question for the proponents of this view was: what does the learner want/need to do with the target language? This lead to the emergence of a teaching method (or approach) called communicative language teaching (CLT) during the late 1970s and early 1980s focusing on the functions that must be incorporated into a classroom. According to Brown (2001:43) CLT is a unified but broadly based, theoretically well informed set of tenets about the nature of language and of language learning and teaching. Harmer (2001:84) states that the communicative approach is the name which was given to a set of beliefs which included not only a re-examination of what aspects of language to teach, but also a shift in emphasis in how to teach. The "what to teach" aspect of the CLT stressed the significance of language functions rather than
151
focusing solely on grammar and vocabulary. The "how to teach" aspect of the CLT is closely related to the idea that language learning will take care of itself, and that plentiful exposure to language in use and plenty of opportunities to use it are vitally important for a student's development of knowledge and skill.
Background: Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide health problem, with adverse outcomes of cardiovascular disease and premature death, can be divided into five stages, depending on how severe the damage is to the kidneys, or the level of decrease in kidney function, the final stage of chronic kidney disease is called end-stage renal disease, salivary immunoglobulin A is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions, including tears, saliva, colostrum and secretions from the genitourinary tract gastrointestinal tract, prostate and respiratory epithelium . It is also found in small amounts in blood.This study aimedto measuresalivary flow rate and salivaryimmunoglobulin Alevels in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis treatment
... Show More
(23)
This study examines the factors that affect oral participation of six Arab postgraduate students (two Iraqis, two Jordanians, and two Libyans), namely, three male participants and three female participants. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview was employed. The results showed that female as well male interviewees share some factors that make oral participation in classroom disheartening. These factors include high levels of anxiety, lack of confidence, shyness, and lack of preparation. It was also that there is no difference between male and female interviewees in relation to the factors that make them feel disheartened from oral classroom participation.
(6)
(5)
Abstract
Language is one of God’s blessings to human beings through which he
distingushed them from other creatures, then how if this language was arabic.
God honored this language and in which he descended his Gracious Boole
that gave it glory and magnificance, and made it an immortal revelation to the
arab nation in their poetry, oration, history and human tendency to the life of
knowledge, mind leadershipe, innovation and progress.
This study aimed at evaluating the arabic language come program for
the new teachers. The sample was of (25) participants who were shown a
questionaire consisting of (60) items distributed on (9) fields. Then, the data
was processed statisically by using preauency rate, Kai s
Throughput accounting is concerned with a throughput measurement process to determine the efficiency of the company, to know the problems and obstacles it suffers from, to determine their causes and ways to address them.The research problem is represented by the following question: does the application of a throughput accounting lead to maximizing the company's profits? The aim of the research is to demonstrate the importance of throughput accounting, which is one of the tools of management accounting in providing an efficient information system that provides the company’s management with the information it needs to improve its production processes, increase a throughput, and thus maxi
... Show More
(1)
The present study deals with the websites of Iraqi political parties on the internet to identify the effectiveness in providing communicative applications that help audience to participate, express their opinions, their positions, and other aspects reflecting the extent of employing modern technological tools to allow opportunities for political, and democratic participation since the internet has become an effective tool for political communications of political parties. The research sample includes eight political parties. The research concludes that the Iraqi political parties do not employ interactive communication patterns to reflect their interests in communicating with the public, providing opportunities for their participation an
... Show More
(1)
The current research aims to identify the perceptual speed of the university students as well as to identify the differences in the level of perceptual speed for the university students according to the variables of (male, female) specialization (scientific, human) university (Baghdad, Mustansiriya). Additionally, the research aims to identify the prevalence of emotional pattern and to identify the relationship between perceptual speed and the emotional patterns among university students. The researcher designed a questionnaire to measure the Emotional Patterns based on Jerome Freedman perspective. As for perceptual speed, the researcher adopted French, Extrom and Price scale (1963), which was tran
... Show MoreThe study seeks to clarify the role of International Auditing Standard No. (320) of the relative importance in determining responsibility for planning and implementing the process of auditing financial statements and expressing neutral technical opinion through the analytical procedures of the auditor, whose responsibility is to obtain appropriate and reliable audit evidence that helps the auditor to form a general conclusion about whether The financial statements were consistent with the auditor's understanding of the entity. The relative importance contributes to defining the important accounts that help to set priorities for the auditor to set the necessary analytical procedures for these accounts. One of the most important co
... Show MorePraise be to God, prayer and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah and after :
For the Holy Qur’an is the constitution of this nation, and it has included everything that the nation needs, and it has appropriate solutions for all the problems it faces, and for a long time the nation has its vision for the future, waiting for a leader who carries the concerns of this nation and proceeds towards progress and progress, so that it rises to the glory and glory. He brings it out from what it is today, from its deterioration in all levels.
The world has witnessed in recent decades the development of programs and curricula, and books have been prepared showing how to prepare leaders and their industry, and what programs they should adopt