The research shed light on the historic evolution of Baghdad through its long, expansive history. The starting point focuses on the geographic characteristics, and the nature of its habitation, prior to laying the circular plan of Baghdad. Then the research proceeds to cover the stage of building the round city of Baghdad. The research continue to cover the expansion and sequential growth across the banks of Tigris river.
A concentrated attention is devoted to analyses the morphological, geographical and above all the makeup of present day city of Baghdad, pinpointing the apathetic plans, decisions, and actions which completely disfigured the image, and tradition of the old city of Baghdad, behind the delusive slogans of “comprehens

Abstract:

                    This research aims to apply the Performance Focused Activity Based Costing System in the consultant office of Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering at the University of Technology for the purpose of measuring the cost of consulting services provided by these offices in order to reduce costs and their reflection in achieving profits. For the purpose of calculating costs accurately, and to test the hypothesis of the research, the research was applied in the office of the consultant of the College of Engineering Al-Khwarizm - University of Baghdad through the financial statement

In this study; the genus of Sinoxylon Duftschmid, 1825 (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae) was revised. There were 3 species registered in our investigations: S. anale Lesne, 1897; S. ceratoniae (Linnaeus, 1758) and S. muricatum (Olivier, 1790), the last species was redescribed as being found for the first time for the Iraqi faunal insects. Key to the species were constructed and supported by figures of the main diagnostic characters and some morphological features.

production of the spot in the news channels - a study of patterns of spot media used in the production of spring breaks Arab Al-Arabiya

 The spacers news in Arabic, one of the messages that seek channel output are fit and policy on the one hand and meet the needs of viewers for information intensive and image influential to find out the latest developments on the Arab arena, especially the Syrian revolution on the other and thus The viewer for the type of coverage the stomach through a newsletter about the event on the one hand to keep following up on her and eager to watch the other hand

And sou

The work of this paper is an investigation to improve the condenser performance of the automobile air conditioning system by enhancing the air-side heat transfer from the condenser through the use of an air guide net installed in front of the condenser face which is basically an aluminum plate having a circular entrance shape for the air passage.  The A/C system was examined under two types of test. The first test was conducted the air guide net, while the second was done with the air guide net. The performances of the A/C system under these tests were compared. For the second type of test, the experiment was carried out with three different size of air guide net, three different circular diameters (2, 3 and 3.5 cm) a

    The environmental contamination by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Cd) concentrations in the leaves of plant Eucalyptus camaldulensis were determined at the city of Kirkuk in 15 selected locations using GPS. The pickings up of samples were carried out in two periods October 2010 and March 2011. Compared with results of other studies, the concentration levels of determined heavy metals show values within these studies results. The average total concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the leaves of Plant Eucalyptus camaldulensis indicated 37.1 ppb in October, while in March 165.2 ppb.

    The mode

Background: This study was formulated to compare the effect of 5%hydrofluoric acid in comparison to 37%phosphoric acid with and without the application of silane on bond strength of composite to porcelain. Materials and Methods: Specimen preparation was divided in to two phases, metal-disks fabrication (8mm-diameter and 4mm-thickness) and ceramic veneering. Thirty two specimens were prepared, sandblasted with 50 μm aluminum oxide, and divided into four groups of eight samples. Groups I and III were etched with 37%phosphoric acid while groups II and IV were etched with 5%hydrofluoric acid; and groups I and II were silaneted while groups III and IV were not. Heliobond, and resin composite were applied to each specimen using a plastic transpa

Background: The final stage of endodontic therapy is complete obturation of the root canal system to provide as perfect as possible at the cementodentinal junction of the apical foramen. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the sealing ability of injection molded thermoplasticized gutta percha and lateral condensation techniques with and without the use of sealers. Materials and Methods: Forty freshly extracted adult human maxillary central incisors with complete formed apices were utilized in this study. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups for evaluation of the apical seal. Group (1) lateral condensation gutta percha technique without sealer, (2) lateral condensation gutta percha technique with sealer, (3) Inject

This research (The families of martyrs, victims of terrorism, war operations and military mistakes opinion about Al- Shuhada`a Establishment ) came to know and diagnose the mental image the martyrs victims of terrorism carries about the performance of Al- Shuhada`a Establishment and the services it provides to them, and to monitor the contents of that image that they had regarding their privileges and rights that Al- Shuhada`a Establishment supposed to give it to them, according to their law. The research problem was represented by the main question: (What is the image of Al- Shuhada`a Establishment among the families of martyrs, victims of terrorism, war operations and military mistakes), and this research was classified within the d

Stabilization of phenol trapped by agricultural waste: a study of the influence of ambient temperature on the adsorbed phenol