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LA CONDICIONALIDAD EN ÁRABE Estudio lingüístico y traductológico CONDITION IN ARABIC: Linguistic study and translation
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La condicionalidad en árabe, supongo como en otras lenguas, constituye una noción amplia que puede expresarse mediante diferentes construcciones sintácticas. La mayor parte de los especialistas coinciden en señalar que las estructuras condicionales son, probablemente, la clase más compleja de expresión compuesta en árabe. Se utilizan para expresar una condición de la que depende la realización de lo expuesto en la oración principal. Las estructuras condicionales son una de las principales vías lingüísticas de las que dispone el individuo para expresar su capacidad de imaginar situaciones diferentes a las reales; de crear mundos posibles; de soñar con situaciones pasadas que podrían haber sido diferentes; de ocultar lo factual tras la apariencia de lo contingente.

           En árabe la prótasis es generalmente un sintagma verbal[1], y lo mismo ocurre con frecuencia en la apódosis, con el verbo en perfectivo o en yusivo aunque sin que ello conlleve un sentido temporal preciso.

 

[1] ‘Abbās Ḥasan, 1974, an-Naḥū al-Wāfi,  dār al-Ma‘ārif  al-Miṣriyya, El Cairo, 3ª edición, tomo IV, pág.471.

Abstract

Conditionality in Arabic is supposed, as in other languages, a broad concept that can be expressed by different syntactic constructions. Most experts agree that the conditional structures are probably the most complex kind of expressions in Arabic. They are used to express a condition on which the realization of what transpired in the main clause depends. Conditional structures are one of the main avenues of language available to the individual to express their ability to imagine different situations to real; create possible worlds; dreaming of past situations that could have been different; hide what factual after the appearance of the contingent.

In Arabic the protasis is usually a verb phrase, and the same happens frequently in the apodosis, with the verb in perfective or jussive although without incurring a precise temporal sense.

The conditional sentence in Arabic is called (aj-jumlah ash-shartiya الجملة الشرطية) which consists of two juxtaposed prayers, the first in Spanish, has different names; protasis, background, hypothesis, simply called in Arabic (jumlatu ash-shart جملة الشرط, the second is apodosis, therefore, conditioned or consequential, and Arabic is called (تawābu ash-shart - جواب الشرط) although it may be preceded in some cases by linking elements as ف, سوف, ل, etc ... - introduced by a conditional particle أداة شرط.

                       If + protasis (antecedent) + apodosis (consequent)

As to the order of the clauses, in Arabic, what is that characteristic protasis precedes the apodosis. This prototypical anteposistion of the subordinate clause is defended and required school basraui (the Basra), and is the usual structure: + connector + protasis apodosis; if you shut up, I'll buy you a gift, ان تسكت فسأشتري لك هدية, whereas if the order is reversed, the apodosis this ommited. On the other hand, another school of Kufa and some Arab grammarians accept the preemption of apodosis.

We try to focus light on the translation of conditional markers that on many occasions, from a grammatical perspective, not regarded as conditional. However, these structures express conditionality in Arabic.

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2015
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Hearing and indoctrination of the deceased, an analytical explanatory study
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The study aims to clarify the truth of hearing the dead, and then the statement of the legitimate judgment of the indoctrination, by reference to the evidence contained in that regard, and try to combine and reconcile those evidence, and the study finds that the most correct in the matter of hearing is to say hearing the dead in the will of God and how Almighty teaches , As up to that indoctrination of the dead is permissible, so as to combine evidence.

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 22 2006
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Planning of the Arab-Islamic city of privacy and modernity
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Each Arab Islamic city is distinguished by its distinctive characteristics dictated by the nature of its location and its characteristics, as we see it mountainous in the mountains, deserts in the deserts, and coastal in the coasts, and this is reflected in the models of its buildings and designs and even in its structure. However, this uniqueness did not stand in the way of the emergence of characteristics and common characteristics of these cities over time, the factors derived from the core of the life of the community habits and traditions and beliefs and living requirements and environmental conditions that all piled in the process of building and construction of the Arab Islamic city to draw The features and lines of life of the co

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Organizational Ethnography and its Reflection in the Resonant LeadershipCase study at the University of Kufa
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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between organizational ethnography and resonant leadership in the University of Kufa, importance of research includes rare of studies that investigated the relationship between organizational ethnography and resonant leadership. Moreover, it comes as an attempt to reduce or bridge the knowledge gap between the variables of the research. As well as try to put the right foundations and appropriate for industry leaders of various Iraqi organizations aimed at profit or service. Based on the random sampling, 450 questionnaires were distributed to employees at the University of Kufa. Only 392 questionnaires were returned. Out of which 104 questionnaires we

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Tax Exemptions and their impact in reducing the phenomenon of tax evasion: A field study
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The research aims to verifying the tax exemptions granted in accordance with the Iraqi tax legislations, showing their suitability for basic tax rules, and identifying their role to reduce the tax evasion phenomenon and the negative effects resulting therefrom, which arerepresented by a decrease in the proceeds of tax revenue and therefore leadings to a reduction of public revenues of the state. Also, the research tries to identify the ways to reduce cases of tax evasion due to their reflection positively on the public budgetof the state. The data of the research was collected through two models of questionnaires distributed to a sample of taxpayers from some professions and a sample of the tax administration staff. The research has reac

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 08 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Photodynamic Therapy for Leiomyosarcoma: In vitro study
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Leiomyosarcoma (smooth muscle tumor) is a rare type of a malignant neoplasm of smooth
muscle. It is a resistant cancer, generally not very responsive to chemotherapy, radiationand surgery.The
aim of this study was to evaluate photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a possible basis for treatment using
(650 nm)diode laser with methyleneblue (MB) as a photosensitizer on leiomyosarcoma (LMS)cell line
(L20B) in vitro. The cytotoxic effects of 650nm diode laser 0.052 W/cm2 (power density) at different
exposure time (10, 20, and 30 min) with methylene blue at different concentrations (0.01% ,0.1 % ,1%)
was investigated on LMS cell line (L20 B). The cytotoxic effect of laser was increased with increasing
irradiation time for a certai

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Evaluation of Lands in Yusufiya County -study in the soil geographic
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This study has contributed to identify convenience of the land Usifiya of Mahmudiya district baghdad province for the cultivation of sensitive and salt resisting crops and growing pasture .The nine pedons (tracks) of the study have spread over three transects to cover the whole area the north, middle and south .
Depending on Visual Space tupe (TM) for 2007 which is super classified, samples are distributed on all classes of land cover
It is detected the presence of nine series soils namely
MM5- MW96- DM 115 for 1st transect
MF12- DM46 - DM96 for 2nd transect
DM56- DF56 - MW5 for 3rd transect
Soils are classified to the level of sub great group according to (soil Survey Staff) to :
*Typic Torri Fluvents , Typic Haplos

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 04 2016
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
Study in the procedural provisions of the action consumption incidents A comparative study Under Iraqi Consumer Protection Act No. 1 of 2010.: Study in the procedural provisions of the action consumption incidents A comparative study Under Iraqi Consumer Protection Act No. 1 of 2010.
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This research Sheds highlights the procedural protections that must be enjoyed by the consumer in the face of the product, which is the protection of no less dangerous than the substantive protection of our obligations and duties delivered by the legislature upon the product of consumer interest, what is the benefit of the right if the access road to him complicated, so know The consumer has a right to the face of the product, but leaves the claim, either to ignorance For access to this right either to the difficulty of connecting to him.
That this research modest attempt we tried through which to focus on the way to the consumer behavior of arrived right, as we tried to highlight the weaknesses and the complexity of the procedure to

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 30 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Developing Tenth Grade Female Students' Attitudes in Critical Reading Skills Using the Reflective Thinking Method in the Sultanate of Oman
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        This study aimed to developing the skills of critical reading for the tenth basic school female students through a training program using the reflective thinking method. The study sample consisted of (64) students. To achieve the objective of the study, the researcher uses the quasi-experiment approach consisting of a control group (32 students) and an experimental group (32 students). The researcher used three research inventories as follows: 1) A list of critical reading skills included (30) skills within three aspects (Recognition – Deduction – Evaluation and Judgment). 2) An executive program using reflective thinking for developing critical reading skills. 3) Achievement test to measure

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 05 2020
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
The role of the League of Arab States in the Syrian crisis
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Abstract The League of Arab States took many procedures against the Syrian political system, like suspended Syria's membership in the League of Arab States and sent a team of Arab observers headed by Dabi to discuss the situation there and issued some decisions and statements that called the Syrian regime to stop the use of violence and repression against the Syrian opposition.Through these steps, the Arab League has tried to help the Syrian parties to resolve the crisis. However, the role of the league in the Syrian crisis was characterized by weakness in general, and lack of seriousness, which contributed in the aggravation of the situation in Syria, and the intervention of major powers in the internal affairs of Syria.

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Female education in Iraq 1921-1958 - A historical Study-
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In spite of the foundation of Iraqi state in 1921 and the formation of the new features of
the modern state, however, the inherited costumes and traditions sustained in the conservative
society. But due to the development that inflicted to the Iraqi society and the development of
the staff in all fields and requirement conducting to female learning. After WW II and the
1950s, women get out of their houses to seek learning by approaching the doors.
What is positive about that phase was the formation of the College of Queen A'liya
which is regarded as a positive indicator. In any case the Iraqi family encouraged women to
be indulged in higher education. Calling the college Queen A'liya

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