Preferred Language
Articles
/
jcolang-269
LA CONDICIONALIDAD EN ÁRABE Estudio lingüístico y traductológico CONDITION IN ARABIC: Linguistic study and translation
...Show More Authors

La condicionalidad en árabe, supongo como en otras lenguas, constituye una noción amplia que puede expresarse mediante diferentes construcciones sintácticas. La mayor parte de los especialistas coinciden en señalar que las estructuras condicionales son, probablemente, la clase más compleja de expresión compuesta en árabe. Se utilizan para expresar una condición de la que depende la realización de lo expuesto en la oración principal. Las estructuras condicionales son una de las principales vías lingüísticas de las que dispone el individuo para expresar su capacidad de imaginar situaciones diferentes a las reales; de crear mundos posibles; de soñar con situaciones pasadas que podrían haber sido diferentes; de ocultar lo factual tras la apariencia de lo contingente.

           En árabe la prótasis es generalmente un sintagma verbal[1], y lo mismo ocurre con frecuencia en la apódosis, con el verbo en perfectivo o en yusivo aunque sin que ello conlleve un sentido temporal preciso.

 

[1] ‘Abbās Ḥasan, 1974, an-Naḥū al-Wāfi,  dār al-Ma‘ārif  al-Miṣriyya, El Cairo, 3ª edición, tomo IV, pág.471.

Abstract

Conditionality in Arabic is supposed, as in other languages, a broad concept that can be expressed by different syntactic constructions. Most experts agree that the conditional structures are probably the most complex kind of expressions in Arabic. They are used to express a condition on which the realization of what transpired in the main clause depends. Conditional structures are one of the main avenues of language available to the individual to express their ability to imagine different situations to real; create possible worlds; dreaming of past situations that could have been different; hide what factual after the appearance of the contingent.

In Arabic the protasis is usually a verb phrase, and the same happens frequently in the apodosis, with the verb in perfective or jussive although without incurring a precise temporal sense.

The conditional sentence in Arabic is called (aj-jumlah ash-shartiya الجملة الشرطية) which consists of two juxtaposed prayers, the first in Spanish, has different names; protasis, background, hypothesis, simply called in Arabic (jumlatu ash-shart جملة الشرط, the second is apodosis, therefore, conditioned or consequential, and Arabic is called (تawābu ash-shart - جواب الشرط) although it may be preceded in some cases by linking elements as ف, سوف, ل, etc ... - introduced by a conditional particle أداة شرط.

                       If + protasis (antecedent) + apodosis (consequent)

As to the order of the clauses, in Arabic, what is that characteristic protasis precedes the apodosis. This prototypical anteposistion of the subordinate clause is defended and required school basraui (the Basra), and is the usual structure: + connector + protasis apodosis; if you shut up, I'll buy you a gift, ان تسكت فسأشتري لك هدية, whereas if the order is reversed, the apodosis this ommited. On the other hand, another school of Kufa and some Arab grammarians accept the preemption of apodosis.

We try to focus light on the translation of conditional markers that on many occasions, from a grammatical perspective, not regarded as conditional. However, these structures express conditionality in Arabic.

View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Wed Feb 25 2026
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
IRRIGATION METHODS AND ANTI-TRANSPIRATION AS RELATED TO WHEAT AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY
...Show More Authors

View Publication
Publication Date
Sun Sep 04 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Uranium and Plutonium Recovery by Tributylphosphate Solvation and Trioctylamine Ion association Mechanisms
...Show More Authors

In this work a flowsheet has been put for the recovery of uranium and plutonium from 2.5M nitric acid solutions using 17.5% tributyl phosphate (TBP) and 2.5% trioctylamine (TOA) in kerosene diluent . The fission products (resulting from irradiated of uranium samples in nuclear research reactor) were removed from the desired actinides U & Pu .The organic phase TBP/TOA/Kerosene, containing both actinides U&Pu were stripped using 0.1 M HNO3. Trioctylamine (2.5 volume ratio ) in mesitylene , has been used in conditions appropriate for the recovery of Pu . From the experiments done using mixer- settler , the concentration of uranium in the organic phase in such conditions was very low ,not exceeding parts of a million .

View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Agricultural And Statistical Sciences
Effect of phosphorous and amino acid on growth and yield of pea
...Show More Authors

Scopus (5)
Scopus
Publication Date
Wed Mar 20 2030
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
equality between man and woman                           Among Islamic law               International conventions and agreements
...Show More Authors

equality between man and woman
                          Among Islamic law
              International conventions and agreements

View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Tue Jul 15 2008
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Science
riol] and its Complexes with Co", Ni 9, Cu º, and Znº.
...Show More Authors

The reaction of 2, 4, 6-trihydroxyactophenonemonohydrate with hydrazine monohydrate was realized under reflux in methanol and a few drops of glacial acetic acid were added to give the (intermediate) 2-(1-hydrazono-ethyl)-benzene-1, 3, 5-triol, which reacted with salicylaldehyde in methanol to give a new type (NO) ligand [HL][(2-1-[(2-hydroxy-benzyliidene)-hydrazono]-ethyl) benzene-1, 3, 5-triol. The ligand was reacted with Mcl.(where M-Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) under reflux in methanol with (l: 1) ratio to give complexes of the general formula [M (HL)]. All compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic methods I" H NMR, IR. UV-Vis, HPLC, atomic absorption] microanalysis along with conductivity measurement. From the above data the proposed mo

... Show More
Publication Date
Tue Oct 02 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Informative accuracy investigation and updating map using remote sensing technique and GIS
...Show More Authors

In this work, using GPS which has best accuracy that can be established set of GCPs, also two satellite images can be used, first with high resolution QuickBird, and second has low resolution Landsat image and topographic maps with 1:100,000 and 1:250,000 scales. The implementing of these factors (GPS, two satellite images, different scales for topographic maps, and set of GCPs) can be applying. In this study, must be divided this work into two parts geometric accuracy and informative accuracy investigation. The first part is showing geometric correction for two satellite images and maps.
The second part of the results is to demonstrate the features (how the features appearance) of topographic map or pictorial map (image map), Where i

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Nov 17 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Global Innovations In Agricultural Sciences
Mango Waste (Peel and Kernel) Enhances Food Dietary Fiber and Antioxidant Properties
...Show More Authors

Biscuits are a global snack due to their convenience, variety, and durability. Biscuits with nutritious ingredients are in demand as customers become more health conscious. This change led to interest about utilizing agricultural by-products to enhance the nutritional value of widely consumed foods. Mango (Mangifera indica L.), a frequently cultivated tropical fruit, produces vital by-products during its processing, mainly comprising peels and kernels. The by-products, comprising around 35–60% of the mango fruit's weight, are high in bioactive compounds including dietary fiber, polyphenols, carotenoids, and essential fatty acids. Mango peels and kernels, even with their nutritional potential, frequently neglected, resulting in ris

... Show More
View Publication
Scopus (11)
Crossref (13)
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Apr 02 2020
Journal Name
1st International Conference In Physical Science And Advance Materials
Structural and Morphological Characteristics of Organic and Inorganic Blend Heterojunction NiPcTs/Cd
...Show More Authors

In the present study NiPcTs, CdS thin films, and Blends of NiPcTs:CdS were prepared with 1:2 content mixing ratio of NiPcTs to CdS solutions. Cadmium chloride and thiourea were used as the essential materials for deposition CdS thin films while using organic powder of NiPcTs to deposit NiPcTs nanostructure films. The spin-coating technique was employed to fabricate the NiPcTs , CdS films and NiPcTs-CdS blend. Structural properties of films have been investigated via X-Ray diffraction(XRD),and show that thin films of NiPcTs, and CdS have monoclinic and polycrystalline hexagonal structure respectively while the blend has two polycrystalline structure with cubic and hexagonal phases. Atomic force microscope (AFM) confirmed that the surf

... Show More
View Publication
Publication Date
Sun Jun 21 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Knowledge, Use and Recommendation of Iraqi Pharmacist Toward Complementary and Alternative Medicine
...Show More Authors

Over the past few decades, the global usage and applications of different kinds of complementary and alternative medicine are greatly exaggerated among the general population, this requires improving the knowledge of all health care provider including pharmacists toward proper and safe use of different complementary and alternative medicine modalities. The current study aims to assess the Iraqi pharmacists' knowledge, use, and recommendation toward complementary and alternative medicine A cross-sectional pilot survey was done on a convenient sample of Iraqi pharmacists. Data were collected using a pretested 

View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus (7)
Crossref (6)
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Jul 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Generalization of Gamma and Beta Functions with Certain Properties and Statistical Application
...Show More Authors

     This work is devoted to define new generalized gamma and beta functions involving the recently suggested seven-parameter Mittag-Leffler function, followed by a review of all related special cases. In addition, necessary investigations are affirmed for the new generalized beta function, including, Mellin transform, differential formulas, integral representations, and essential summation relations. Furthermore, crucial statistical application has been realized for the new generalized beta function.  

View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus (3)
Scopus Crossref