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LA CONDICIONALIDAD EN ÁRABE Estudio lingüístico y traductológico CONDITION IN ARABIC: Linguistic study and translation
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La condicionalidad en árabe, supongo como en otras lenguas, constituye una noción amplia que puede expresarse mediante diferentes construcciones sintácticas. La mayor parte de los especialistas coinciden en señalar que las estructuras condicionales son, probablemente, la clase más compleja de expresión compuesta en árabe. Se utilizan para expresar una condición de la que depende la realización de lo expuesto en la oración principal. Las estructuras condicionales son una de las principales vías lingüísticas de las que dispone el individuo para expresar su capacidad de imaginar situaciones diferentes a las reales; de crear mundos posibles; de soñar con situaciones pasadas que podrían haber sido diferentes; de ocultar lo factual tras la apariencia de lo contingente.

           En árabe la prótasis es generalmente un sintagma verbal[1], y lo mismo ocurre con frecuencia en la apódosis, con el verbo en perfectivo o en yusivo aunque sin que ello conlleve un sentido temporal preciso.

 

[1] ‘Abbās Ḥasan, 1974, an-Naḥū al-Wāfi,  dār al-Ma‘ārif  al-Miṣriyya, El Cairo, 3ª edición, tomo IV, pág.471.

Abstract

Conditionality in Arabic is supposed, as in other languages, a broad concept that can be expressed by different syntactic constructions. Most experts agree that the conditional structures are probably the most complex kind of expressions in Arabic. They are used to express a condition on which the realization of what transpired in the main clause depends. Conditional structures are one of the main avenues of language available to the individual to express their ability to imagine different situations to real; create possible worlds; dreaming of past situations that could have been different; hide what factual after the appearance of the contingent.

In Arabic the protasis is usually a verb phrase, and the same happens frequently in the apodosis, with the verb in perfective or jussive although without incurring a precise temporal sense.

The conditional sentence in Arabic is called (aj-jumlah ash-shartiya الجملة الشرطية) which consists of two juxtaposed prayers, the first in Spanish, has different names; protasis, background, hypothesis, simply called in Arabic (jumlatu ash-shart جملة الشرط, the second is apodosis, therefore, conditioned or consequential, and Arabic is called (تawābu ash-shart - جواب الشرط) although it may be preceded in some cases by linking elements as ف, سوف, ل, etc ... - introduced by a conditional particle أداة شرط.

                       If + protasis (antecedent) + apodosis (consequent)

As to the order of the clauses, in Arabic, what is that characteristic protasis precedes the apodosis. This prototypical anteposistion of the subordinate clause is defended and required school basraui (the Basra), and is the usual structure: + connector + protasis apodosis; if you shut up, I'll buy you a gift, ان تسكت فسأشتري لك هدية, whereas if the order is reversed, the apodosis this ommited. On the other hand, another school of Kufa and some Arab grammarians accept the preemption of apodosis.

We try to focus light on the translation of conditional markers that on many occasions, from a grammatical perspective, not regarded as conditional. However, these structures express conditionality in Arabic.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
sybthesis and characterization of oxazepine and oxazepane from reaction
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Schiff bases were prepared prepared Baaan NMR to some elements of which have contributed to the results of different methods in diagnosis prove structural formulas of compounds prepared

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 09 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Psychology and Personality Types of Infertile and Fertile Women
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Objective(s): To determine the prevalence and predisposing factors of psychology & personality types among
infertile and fertile women attending in Complex Imam Khomeini Hospital.
Methodology: A total of 150 infertile women from Vali-Asr Reproduction Health Research Center and 150 fertile
women from the Gynecology Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran / Iran were chosen by simple
randomization. Data was obtained by using Eysenck personality (EPQ) and structured researcher questionnaires.
Results: showed that based on Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ), personality instability was more common
among infertile women than fertile women; this relationship was statistically significant (P<0.001). Housewives

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 01 2024
Journal Name
Human Antibodies
Free radicals and oxidative stress: Mechanisms and therapeutic targets
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BACKGROUND:

Free radicals are small extremely reactive species that have unpaired electrons. Free radicals include subgroups of reactive species, which are all a product of regular cellular metabolism. Oxidative stress happens when the free radicals production exceeds the capacity of the antioxidant system in the body’s cells.

OBJECTIVE:

The current review clarifies the prospective role of antioxidants in the inhibition and healing of diseases.

METHODS:

Information on oxidative stress, free radicals, reactive oxidant species, and natural and synthetic antioxidants was obta

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 28 2022
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Iraq and the US-Iranian conflict, influence and influence
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Iraq enjoys many factors and ingredients that made it “affect and be affected at the same time” by the American-Iranian conflict from the “strategic geographical position” adjacent to Iran as an important point and that Iraq has been part of this conflict since the last period which witnessed the outbreak of the first Gulf War  (1980-1988)  because of border problems and a dispute over Shatt al-Arab, and what followed after that, specifically from 2003 when the United States of America and its allies occupied Iraq’s lands and made a political change by the destruction of its security and military institutions. It increased the importance of Iraq in being a subject of competition between the competing parties in exploiting the

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 07 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Personal Distance and the Feeling of comfort and annoyance
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The aim of the current research is to identify the personal distance between members of society, as well as, to identify the feelings of satisfaction and positivity from respecting the permissible personal distance. The study also aims to identify the feelings of annoyance and comfort from approaching and going beyond personal distance and not respecting it. To achieve these goals, the researchers reviewed previous literature, theories, and studies that dealt with personal distance. The researchers reached a number of results; first, personal distance is not a law but rather a cultural guiding principle for social and professional morals. Second, there are four distances (intimate distance, the distance between friends, social distance,

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 31 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Theoretical And Applied Information Technology
Classification and monitoring of autism using svm and vmcm
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Autism is a lifelong developmental deficit that affects how people perceive the world and interact with each others. An estimated one in more than 100 people has autism. Autism affects almost four times as many boys than girls. The commonly used tools for analyzing the dataset of autism are FMRI, EEG, and more recently "eye tracking". A preliminary study on eye tracking trajectories of patients studied, showed a rudimentary statistical analysis (principal component analysis) provides interesting results on the statistical parameters that are studied such as the time spent in a region of interest. Another study, involving tools from Euclidean geometry and non-Euclidean, the trajectory of eye patients also showed interesting results. In this

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Scopus
Publication Date
Mon Mar 07 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Stress and Its Impact on Mental and Physical Health
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Stress is an inevitable part of life. Stress occurs when stressful events of self, environmental, or social origin affect the individual's resilience and threaten to collapse his psychological and physical systems. The stress represents difficulties and obstacles that may exceed the individual's ability to bear them and deal with them, which causes him stress and causes negative effects on his psychological and physical health. Therefore, the current research aimed to identify the negative effects of psychological stress on the psychological and physical health of the individual through the literature that dealt with this topic. It was among the results of the research that one of the negative effects of stresses on mental health is the

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Publication Date
Thu May 18 2023
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Nouns and attributes And what the Kalamayons termed it
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Many people, especially among the youth or scholars, wonder about the position of Islam or the scholars of faith on the terminology used by scholars of theology in a certain period of time, and then circulated by people throughout the times and to the present day, such as the terms (the old, the maker, the updated, the cause and the cause) and so on, and this What I felt myself while teaching this subject from some of the students, some of whom consider it blasphemy, and some of them consider it an innovation of speech, and so there were many questions about this subject, which led me to write and research it, after relying on God Almighty, although the research is not long due to the nature of This topic on the one hand, and because I d

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Constitutional Review of 1992 and 1996 and the role of the Party of Progress and Socialism
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Constitutional Review of 1992 and 1996 and the role of the Party of Progress and Socialism

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Global Pharma Technology
Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of new Schiff’s and Mannich bases of isatin and isatin Derivatives
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Objective: Schiff’s and Mannich bases of isatins are an important group of heterocyclic compounds which are of great importance in medicinal chemistry as antimicrobial agents. In the vision of these facts, new bis-Schiff bases and Mannich bases of isatins were synthesized. Methods: Three different bis-Schiff bases (3a-c) have been synthesized by reacting isatin, 5-fluoroisatin and 5-methoxy isatin with thiophene-2- carboxaldehyde using hydrazine hydrate to link between the carbonyl compounds, and then these bis- Schiff bases were condensed with two different secondary amines (piperidine and morpholine) separately, and formaldehyde to form the Mannich bases (4a-c and 5a-f), respectively. Results: The structures of the newly synthesized com

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