Preferred Language
Articles
/
jcolang-218
השירה החילונית לשמואל הנגיד בספרד Hebrew religious poetry to Shmuel Hnagad In Spain
...Show More Authors

תקציר

השירה החילונית  זו מיזגה בין התרבות היהודית והתרבות הערבית השלטת. התרבות הערבית השלטת  השפיעה על היהודים בשירה, בספרי פילוסופייה ועיון, בהגות דתית, ביצירה של פרשנות המקרא, במחקר בדקדוק עברי, ברפואה ועוד. ספרי המדע המחקר והעיון נכתבו כולם בערבית. זו היתה שפת הדיבור בקהילות היהודיות. אבל השירה שהתפתחה, שירה אשר קבלה את יסודותיה מן השירה הערבית, שהגיעה לשיא בתקופה זאת – נכתבה כולה בעברית. השירה העברית הושפעה מאחותה הערבית בצורות השיריות, במשקלים, בסוגים – אבל נכתבה בשפה העברית בלבד. מטרת המשוררים העבריים בספרד הייתה להאדיר את השפה העברית לאור מופת המקרא. אם המשוררים המוסלמים כתבו בערבית כדי להאדיר את שפת הקוראן, ולאותה מטרה גם כתבו מחקרים על השפה והדקדוק הערביים – הרי היהודים הושפעו ממגמה זו על מנת להאדיר את שפת המקרא, שפת הקודש. עד לתקופה זאת לא שימשה שפת המקרא מקור לשוני ישיר ליצירה ספרותית. הפיוט הקודם לתקופה זאת היה קרוב בלשונו ללשון חז"ל, לשון התלמוד והמשנה. משוררי ספרד החיו את לשון המקרא. מילים מקראיות קבלו בשירתם פירוש חדש. זו הייתה תחייתה של לשון שלא דברו בה – לשם יצירה חדשה, ענפה ועשירה. שמואל הנגיד היה המשורר היהודי הראשון שעיצב את השירה החילונית  בספרד, על סוגיה השונים -  שירי יין, שירי ידידות, שירי שבח, שירי אהבה ועוד. שלא כמו משוררים אחרים - כתב הנגיד את שיריו לא למטרות פרנסה, כמשורר חצר, אלא כביטוי לחוויותיו ולרגשותיו:

ABSTRACT      

     The beginnings of Hebrew poetry religious in Andalusia was in the tenth century the rule days of King Abdul-Rahman III  (912-961), where the Jewish groups in Andalusia in those days was Thoudy of confidence by the Muslim authorities were also Thoudy autonomy in religious and cultural side, and this in turn led to the development of the Jewish literary output in all areas where Jewish philosophy evolved and renewed Hebrew poetry mundane .

The abundance of production in this kind of literature occurred under the influence of Arab culture and the first who wrote in this kind of poetry is poet (Donac bin Brat) where the transfer of poetry Hebrew formal components of Arabic poetry, including weight and rhyme.

Furthermore, the influence of Arabic literature appeared in Spain a new type of Hebrew poetry, but it is the standings, which is a rhymed prose Among the most prominent of the books in this kind of poetry is Judea Harizi.

     The most prominent of the books in this type of hair four poets are Shmuel Hnakid,  Solomon Ibn Jpiroll,  Moses Ibn Ezra, and Judah Halevi .

The Hebrew poetry earthly evolution and that the impact of Arabic poetry in form and substance where takes from the Arabic poetry threads  and curricula where established relationship and close contact unanimous and culturally between Jews and Muslims, and this Intellectuals Jews know  on Arab poetry and who was very open-minded and distinct linguistic style and image substantially so where love Jews poets this type of poetry and been affected by it and taken Arabic poetry features to poetry worldly Hebrew as Hebrew poetry adopted the weight and the Arab poetic rhythm, any quantitative weight Arabic poetry, and they have to divide each row or line of poetry specific number of a  sections.

The Arabic poetry impact on religious Hebrew poetry came through expression also in the content of the poetry and theme though this effect was always within the limits of tradition and conformity for the poets of the Jews, we find there poems telling the story of the friendship and companionship and there poetry the wine as well as find love poetry, which describes the pain loving and yearning and longing to those who love and there are other topics in the poetry worldly poems including the engagement and marriage and lamentation poems .

     In addition to all of these types and threads of poetry , which are all within the poetry worldly box there was also special types of poetry to others poets have been active within the circumstances of their lives and, for example, War poetry to Shmuel Hnakid who was defense minister in the Kingdom of Granada, and also  poetry of Zion Yehuda Halevy , as well as personal poems  to  Solomon said Jpiroll and who devoted his poetry in the mundane description of the dispute and the conflict with the people of his hometown and the isolation and misery and suffering.

View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Thu Apr 27 2023
Journal Name
Medical Journal Of Babylon
Histological Changes in Liver and Cardiac Rat Tissues after Exposure to Chitosan Nanoparticles Orally
...Show More Authors

Scopus (8)
Scopus
Publication Date
Thu Aug 31 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Optimal Indicators to Select the Engineering Consultancy Office For Higher Education Institutions in Iraq
...Show More Authors

Expansion the engineering consultancy offices in the universities of Iraq, about (14) offices, leading to increas the competition between them, especially after the great trends of Iraqi government agencies to use the academic experiences and their efficiencies in general, due to non-existence of the engineering qualification in the government institutions to do the engineering designs ,supervision of projects and other engineering works which are practicing by the engineering consultancy offices in order to get the best performance of the work.Within this serious competition, needing a specific approach to enable government agencies to choose the optimal and alternative consultancy office to meet specific project and not rely on cronyis

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sun Mar 03 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
An attempt to Stimulate lipids for Biodiesel Production from locally Isolated Microalgae in Iraq
...Show More Authors

Two locally isolated microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris Bejerinck and Nitzschia palea (Kützing) W. Smith) were used in the current study to test their ability to production biodiesel through stimulated in different nitrogen concentration treatments (0, 2, 4, 8 gl ), and effect of nitrogen concentration on the quantity of primary product (carbohydrate, protein ), also the quantity and quality of lipid. The results revealed that starvation of nitrogen led to high lipid yielding, in C. vulgaris and N. palea the lipid content increased from 6.6% to 40% and 40% to 60% of dry weight (DW) respectively.Also in C. vulgaris, the highest carbohydrate was 23% of DW from zero nitrate medium and the highest protein was 50% of DW in the treatment 8gl. Whil

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref (3)
Crossref
Publication Date
Fri May 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine
Gentamycin injection in disc space during lumbar discectomy (aiming to prevent post - operative discitis)
...Show More Authors

AW Ali T, Journal of the Faculty of Medicine, 2015 - Cited by 3

View Publication
Publication Date
Fri Jun 15 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Relation of Gonial Angle Index to osteoporosis and age using CBCT in female subjects
...Show More Authors

Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2022
Journal Name
Caspian Journal Of Environmental Sciences
DNA-damage in blood of welders occupationally exposed to welding fume using comet assay
...Show More Authors

Scopus (1)
Scopus
Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2017
Journal Name
Iracst – International Journal Of Computer Networks And Wireless Communications (ijcnwc)
Optimizing Network Security Considerations with Transition to IPv6 in University of Baghdad, A Prototype
...Show More Authors

It is believed that Organizations around the world should be prepared for the transition to IPv6 and make sure they have the " know how" to be able to succeed in choosing the right migration to start time. This paper focuses on the transition to IPv6 mechanisms. Also, this paper proposes and tests a deployment of IPv6 prototype within the intranet of the University of Baghdad (BUniv) using virtualization software. Also, it deals with security issues, improvements and extensions of IPv6 network using firewalls, Virtual Private Network ( VPN), Access list ( ACLs). Finally, the performance of the obtainable intrusion detection model is assessed and compared with three approaches.

Publication Date
Thu Jul 08 2021
Journal Name
Turkish Online Journal Of Qualitative Inquiry (tojqi)
Civil Protection of Rights contiguous to Author’s Royalty in Iraqi Law A comparative study
...Show More Authors

Preview PDF
Publication Date
Wed Sep 23 2020
Journal Name
Artificial Intelligence Research
Hybrid approaches to feature subset selection for data classification in high-dimensional feature space
...Show More Authors

This paper proposes two hybrid feature subset selection approaches based on the combination (union or intersection) of both supervised and unsupervised filter approaches before using a wrapper, aiming to obtain low-dimensional features with high accuracy and interpretability and low time consumption. Experiments with the proposed hybrid approaches have been conducted on seven high-dimensional feature datasets. The classifiers adopted are support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and K-nearest neighbour (KNN). Experimental results have demonstrated the advantages and usefulness of the proposed methods in feature subset selection in high-dimensional space in terms of the number of selected features and time spe

... Show More
View Publication
Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Systematic Reviews In Pharmacy)srp)
Evaluation the response to infliximab therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease
...Show More Authors

Scopus