Preferred Language
Articles
/
jcolang-210
Osmanlı Edebiyatında Karagöz Qara Quz (Shadow Puppetry) in the Ottoman Literature
...Show More Authors

ÖNSÖZ

 

Karagöz , tarihin derinliklerinden düşünülmüş bir hayal oyunu’dur . Beyazperde üzerine , birtakım tasvirlerin gölgelerini yansıtmak suretiyle gösterilentemaşa çeşididir. Meddahlık ile orta oyunu’na yakınlığı ve aşağı yukarı aynıteatral unsurları , komik temaları kullanması dolayısı ile karagöz’de sözlü tiyatrogeleneklerisayabiliriz . Nitekim bu hayal oyunu’nun perde arkasına yerleşerekhüner gösteren bir tek aktörüvardır . Bu aktörün oyun için kullandığı malzemeperde , şema (mum) ve tasvirler’dir. Altı yüzyıldır canlı kalan karagöz , dünyanın eneski en zengin ve en güzel halktiyatrolarındandır. Türk toplumunun yüzyıllarönceki durumuyla bugün arasında bağ kuran birköprü gibidir. Yüzyıllarca canlıkalmayı başarabilen ve Batı’nın da ilgisini çeken Türk gölge oyunu ,Türktoplumunun özelliklerini yansıtan en önemli sanat dallarındandır . Çünkü buoyunlar ,Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun geniş sınırları içinde birbiriyle hoşgörüiçinde yaşamış çeşitli din ve milliyetteki insanların ilişkilerini yansıtır. Küçüktenbüyüğe herkesehitap edebilen karagöz oyunlarında söylenen şarkılar,gösterilen danslar ve şiirler çocuklara vebüyüklere güzel ve eğitici anlar yaşatır .Hem memleket kültürüne , hem de ma’şeri ruhiyata  birhizmette bulunmakgayesiyle , Türk folklorunun en şayanı dikkat mahsullerinden biri olankaragöz’dür. Folklor usulleriyle karagöz adını verilen bu halk an’anesinin tarihitekamülünün ,toplumsal hadiselerle olan munasebetini belirtmek mecburiyetiile bu araştırmayı ele aldım . İlkönce gölge oyununa göz atıktan sonra karagözü belritmekiçin genel bilgilerle açıkladım ondansonra İstanbul'da süleymaniyye kütüphanesinde bulduğumhayalı memduhun hikayelerindenkaragözün aşçılığı örnek olarak ele aldım ve bunu Osmanlıcadan yeni Türkçeye çevirdim.Sonun’dabu araştırmanın faydasını tümokuyuculara dilerim .

Abstract

Qara Joz Art is considered as one of the most distinguished popular, folkloric, traditional Turkish arts. The Egyptians and some Arabs pronounce Qara Joz as (Aragoz), the Iraqi people call it Qara Qoz, which is one of the oldest popular drama arts for children in the history of the Turkish culture. Irrespective of the continued disagreement as regards the origin and springhead of this classic popular art, the question is: has this art come from Egypt at the hands of Sultan Saleem 1 in a campaign in the East as this art did exist in the Mamluke era in Egypt. Saleem saw this art and then took one of the actors with him to Istanbul for the purpose of amusing his son who later on became a Sultan after him and was known as Sultan Saleem, the Great, or has this art originated from the Turkish Anadol or did it come from Middle Asia to Turkey. Researchers agree unanimously on the fact that the Shadow Puppetry originated from the Far East and then came to many countries in the world.  

   It seems difficult to determine the country where this art originated. Some studies indicate that this art originated in China, but there is another citation that the term "Shadow Puppetry" was mentioned in an old Indian text and a third citation states that the "Shadow Puppetry" probably came to us from Al-Magool country and then passed on to the neighboring countries, especially Japan and Java islands. It is likely that the "Shadow Puppetry" passed on to the Arab countries from Java and was transferred by Islamic merchants. 

    Some studies indicate that the "Shadow Puppetry" passed on from the Chinese to the Magool and from them to the Turk. Turks of the middle Asia used to name this kind of art as (Qaroojak) as it largely depends on puppets that move by using the hand and strings that are tied to the puppets behind a white curtain lightened from behind. Turkmens in Iraq still name the puppet as Qaroojak and historians confirm that the Shadow Puppetry was in every region    where the Turks came to through their successive immigrations. The thing that is confirmed is that the popular art in Turkey goes back to the Middle Ages and is believed that it started in the 16th century (AD) at the time of Sultan Sulaiman 11 who was entitled as Alqanoy. This art that spread in the Ottoman State in the middle ages began first at the palaces of rulers and aristocratic class the purpose of which was to amuse and please the rich. This art was called in olden times as the Shadow Puppetry because it is an art that depends on the shadow arising from the movement of the figures and allegories of the tale and emerge as a result of a light shed on a white curtain background.  This humorous art is widely and equally accepted today by young and old people. It represents one of the branches of the child theatre. It is also regarded as one of the folkloric and beautiful traditions that is shown to the people on religious and social occasions, especially during the blessed month of Ramadhan.   

   Qara Joz is the absolute naming of a historical, humorous, sarcastic black-eyed Turkish personality who expresses the person who had been exposed to punishment by one of the Sultans, namely Sultan Orkhan as a result of his failure to accomplish the building of a mosque in the Turkish city of Bursa in time in the 14th century (AD). He was an illiterate man who used to use the popular dialect and did not understand any of the foreign words and expressions. He also used to pretend that he did not understand any of the common expressions and this made him give synonymous expressions that signal other meanings to arouse laughter.

The name of Haji Wat which is usually connected with Qara Joz in the child theatre art and popular humorous culture is a person who was quite different from his companion Qara Joz. He was an educated person who had simple knowledge in mathematics, economics and grammar in addition to literature.   

He was an opportunist who used to safeguard his personal interest first and behaved according to situations and circumstances. He was the companion of Qara Joz in the above-mentioned historical event concerning their failure to comply with the date of finishing the building of a mosque as there had been a sarcastic dialogue between workers who had been building a mosque in Bursa city which was the capital of the Ottoman state at that time. Sultan Orkhan cut off the heads of Qara Joz and Haji Wat because of the delay in the execution of building the mosque and because they spent their time pelting one another with jokes.

    As to how this event has taken its way to become a sarcastic dramatic art, historians say that a man by the name of Sheikh Koshteri is the one who reported the workers' tale to the people. He also photographed the event in the presence of the Ottoman Sultan. We can see that the two form bilateral companions that can never be separated in the different situations between joking and crying (melodrama). This is the reason that has made it up-to-date a precious and abundant matter from which popular tales can be prepared and displayed to the children on occasions, in schools, in charity endowment houses and cultural centers for the purpose of guiding the children towards discipline and obedience in school and at home as well as respecting older people. It is also regarded as one of the branches of the popular Turkish literature.   

View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The impact of the core Competence for audit companies & offices On the Earning Quality of banks in Iraq Stock Exchange
...Show More Authors

The research aims at measuring the extent of the relationship and influence of the indicators of the Core competencies of the audit firms and offices in the Earning Quality of the private banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange under audit. The research community represents 38 banks. The sample of the research has been approved only 10 banks continue to issue their financial statements for the period (2007 – 2017), in addition to the audit offices assigned to audit these banks, which amounted to 14 companies and auditing offices. John's (1999) model revised by Kothari et al., (2005) was adopted to measure the Earning Quality by finding discretionary accruals and non-discretionary accruals, to measure the Core competencies indicators ,

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Mon Feb 25 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Impact of Using the Information Technology on The Audit Profession: A Study of the Sample of Auditor Viewpoints in Selected Arab Countries
...Show More Authors

This study aims to clarify areas of using information technology in accounting and its impact on the profession of auditors by reviewing the concept, types, areas and the importance of information technology and its implications on the audit profession as well as to clarify the extent of contribution of information technology in  developing of procedures of the audit profession and what its requirement, also this study aims to enhance the theoretical side by identifying the views of a sample of auditors in  Arab countries selected (Iraq, Syria, Jordan), for the extent of using of information technology in their work and level of their perception for the importance of that

View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Mon Feb 25 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Planning and implementation of the audit process by using the styles of time management and its impact on the quality of the audit process: Applied Research in the Federal Board of Supreme Audit
...Show More Authors

Witnessing the global arena many changes in the political, economic, social, scientific and technological have left their mark on the world as a whole, these changes require necessarily Advancement of the profession of auditing, and improve their performance, especially after the mixer skepticism the health of approach and the method followed by a check in the major audit firms global view as for the external audit of an active role in providing services to members of the community in various sectors, were to be provide these services to the highest level of quality.To ensure the quality of the audit process to be a proper planning is based on a scientific basis to be the substrate a strong underlying different audit works, and if planni

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Feb 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The effect of knowledge assimilation on strategic clarity - an exploratory study in the Iraqi Ministry of Transport - Iraqi Airways Company*
...Show More Authors

 

The research aims to build an integrated frame of knowledge for the basic research topics, represented by (assimilation of knowledge, strategic clarity) and their basic variables, by examining the most important scientific propositions on these topics in administrative thought, and framing the knowledge contained in them, in a serious attempt to provide appropriate answers to questions The research dilemma, and the research was applied in the Iraqi Airways Company, whose number is (1200) employees, and the descriptive and analytical approach was adopted in conducting the research. A valid form for statistical analysis, i.e., with a retrieval rate of (92%). The two researchers used the (SPSS & AMOS) program for

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Level of Spiritual Intelligence Among Students of Educational Psychology Course at Jerash University in The Light of Some variables
...Show More Authors

This study aimed to determine the level of spiritual intelligence among students of educational psychology course at the Jerash University. and whether this level of varies depend on the gender of the student as well as the college type. The study sample consisted of (180) male and female students of bachelor students at the University Jerash, in the second semester of academic year2014-2015. The main results of the study were that the level of spiritual
Intelligence of Jerash University students was high. More over There were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) due to the effect of gender, college type or academic achievement

View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Mon Jun 05 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effect of Organizational Compliance on High Performance: An Analytical Research in the General Company of Leather Industries / Cotton Factor
...Show More Authors

This research aims to identify how organizational compatibility, which represents the independent variable, affects higher performance, which is considered a dependent variable, given the importance of these variables in industrial organizations and their clear impact on their stability, survival, and growth in the light of changing environmental challenges.  Where the practical research problem was represented by the weakness of awareness of the importance toward organizational compatibility and its dimensions (organizational loyalty, organizational similarity, affiliation or membership, compatibility with goals, and compatibility with values), which is meant by the individual's compatibility with the organization in which he/she w

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Mon Feb 25 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Tax penalties and their effectiveness in reducing the creative accounting practices: An Empirical Study of the General Commission for Taxes
...Show More Authors

The research aims to study and definition of the concept of creative accounting and motives adopted by the management of companies to achieve their own goals and their impact on the reliability of the financial statements and the tax settling accounts and whether that tax administration is able to detect and limit the creative accounting practices and impose legal sanctions deterrent against companies The research has come to a set of conclusions, including:

  1. The administration motives in the use of creative accounting methods, some internal motives related to the interests of the administration in maximizing profits to increase incentives and rewards, others are external, such as the impact on stock prices or reduce the am

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Apr 29 2025
Journal Name
Modern Sport
A Comparative Study on the Results of the Administrative Performance Skills Scale Among Heads of Sports Talent Departments in the Ministry of Youth and Sports
...Show More Authors

Sports management is a fundamental pillar that supports sports institutions and plays a pivotal role in achieving advanced levels of success in talent development. The Talent Development Project is one of the key strategic initiatives of the Ministry of Youth and Sports. This study compares department heads with effective managerial competence to those with ineffective competence to highlight differences in performance quality. Through this comparison, the urgent need to assess the administrative performance skills of the heads of sports talent departments becomes evident, particularly their ability to lead and manage the Sports Talent Development Project. The objective is to identify strengths and weaknesses, establish a clear framework fo

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Mon Jan 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The use of IT infrastructure and its impact on the performance of human resources in public universities: A field study at the University of Diyala
...Show More Authors

This study aims to identify the impact of using the infrastructure of the Information Technology (IT) on the performance of human resources in the public universities. This process is done by doing research in the size, quality, and efficiency of the performance, also speed of achievement and simplification of procedures. Diyala University was chosen for the diagnosis through the opinions and attitudes of its employees.  Consequently, suggestions that contribute to improve the performance of the employees and thus its overall performance are obtained. Another objective of this study is identifying the human resources which are currently used in academic institutions and educational services systems because the significant role of th

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of the green human resources management practices in a achieving requirements of environmental citizenship- Field research at the General Company for Vegetable Oils.
...Show More Authors

The research aims to determine the role of the practices of green human resources management in achieving requirements of environmental citizenship in the workplace, the General Company for Vegetable Oils was chosen for the application of field-side of research which represent one of the important industrial companies in Iraq, which suffers from poor Green human resources management applications, which reflected negatively on the development Environmental citizenship among Employees. The questionnaire use as a tool to collect data and information as well as field presence of the researcher, The research sample included (30) managers of departments and Division ,and through using statistical program (SPSS) the data has been analys

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref (2)
Crossref