Preferred Language
Articles
/
jcolang-210
Osmanlı Edebiyatında Karagöz Qara Quz (Shadow Puppetry) in the Ottoman Literature
...Show More Authors

ÖNSÖZ

 

Karagöz , tarihin derinliklerinden düşünülmüş bir hayal oyunu’dur . Beyazperde üzerine , birtakım tasvirlerin gölgelerini yansıtmak suretiyle gösterilentemaşa çeşididir. Meddahlık ile orta oyunu’na yakınlığı ve aşağı yukarı aynıteatral unsurları , komik temaları kullanması dolayısı ile karagöz’de sözlü tiyatrogeleneklerisayabiliriz . Nitekim bu hayal oyunu’nun perde arkasına yerleşerekhüner gösteren bir tek aktörüvardır . Bu aktörün oyun için kullandığı malzemeperde , şema (mum) ve tasvirler’dir. Altı yüzyıldır canlı kalan karagöz , dünyanın eneski en zengin ve en güzel halktiyatrolarındandır. Türk toplumunun yüzyıllarönceki durumuyla bugün arasında bağ kuran birköprü gibidir. Yüzyıllarca canlıkalmayı başarabilen ve Batı’nın da ilgisini çeken Türk gölge oyunu ,Türktoplumunun özelliklerini yansıtan en önemli sanat dallarındandır . Çünkü buoyunlar ,Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun geniş sınırları içinde birbiriyle hoşgörüiçinde yaşamış çeşitli din ve milliyetteki insanların ilişkilerini yansıtır. Küçüktenbüyüğe herkesehitap edebilen karagöz oyunlarında söylenen şarkılar,gösterilen danslar ve şiirler çocuklara vebüyüklere güzel ve eğitici anlar yaşatır .Hem memleket kültürüne , hem de ma’şeri ruhiyata  birhizmette bulunmakgayesiyle , Türk folklorunun en şayanı dikkat mahsullerinden biri olankaragöz’dür. Folklor usulleriyle karagöz adını verilen bu halk an’anesinin tarihitekamülünün ,toplumsal hadiselerle olan munasebetini belirtmek mecburiyetiile bu araştırmayı ele aldım . İlkönce gölge oyununa göz atıktan sonra karagözü belritmekiçin genel bilgilerle açıkladım ondansonra İstanbul'da süleymaniyye kütüphanesinde bulduğumhayalı memduhun hikayelerindenkaragözün aşçılığı örnek olarak ele aldım ve bunu Osmanlıcadan yeni Türkçeye çevirdim.Sonun’dabu araştırmanın faydasını tümokuyuculara dilerim .

Abstract

Qara Joz Art is considered as one of the most distinguished popular, folkloric, traditional Turkish arts. The Egyptians and some Arabs pronounce Qara Joz as (Aragoz), the Iraqi people call it Qara Qoz, which is one of the oldest popular drama arts for children in the history of the Turkish culture. Irrespective of the continued disagreement as regards the origin and springhead of this classic popular art, the question is: has this art come from Egypt at the hands of Sultan Saleem 1 in a campaign in the East as this art did exist in the Mamluke era in Egypt. Saleem saw this art and then took one of the actors with him to Istanbul for the purpose of amusing his son who later on became a Sultan after him and was known as Sultan Saleem, the Great, or has this art originated from the Turkish Anadol or did it come from Middle Asia to Turkey. Researchers agree unanimously on the fact that the Shadow Puppetry originated from the Far East and then came to many countries in the world.  

   It seems difficult to determine the country where this art originated. Some studies indicate that this art originated in China, but there is another citation that the term "Shadow Puppetry" was mentioned in an old Indian text and a third citation states that the "Shadow Puppetry" probably came to us from Al-Magool country and then passed on to the neighboring countries, especially Japan and Java islands. It is likely that the "Shadow Puppetry" passed on to the Arab countries from Java and was transferred by Islamic merchants. 

    Some studies indicate that the "Shadow Puppetry" passed on from the Chinese to the Magool and from them to the Turk. Turks of the middle Asia used to name this kind of art as (Qaroojak) as it largely depends on puppets that move by using the hand and strings that are tied to the puppets behind a white curtain lightened from behind. Turkmens in Iraq still name the puppet as Qaroojak and historians confirm that the Shadow Puppetry was in every region    where the Turks came to through their successive immigrations. The thing that is confirmed is that the popular art in Turkey goes back to the Middle Ages and is believed that it started in the 16th century (AD) at the time of Sultan Sulaiman 11 who was entitled as Alqanoy. This art that spread in the Ottoman State in the middle ages began first at the palaces of rulers and aristocratic class the purpose of which was to amuse and please the rich. This art was called in olden times as the Shadow Puppetry because it is an art that depends on the shadow arising from the movement of the figures and allegories of the tale and emerge as a result of a light shed on a white curtain background.  This humorous art is widely and equally accepted today by young and old people. It represents one of the branches of the child theatre. It is also regarded as one of the folkloric and beautiful traditions that is shown to the people on religious and social occasions, especially during the blessed month of Ramadhan.   

   Qara Joz is the absolute naming of a historical, humorous, sarcastic black-eyed Turkish personality who expresses the person who had been exposed to punishment by one of the Sultans, namely Sultan Orkhan as a result of his failure to accomplish the building of a mosque in the Turkish city of Bursa in time in the 14th century (AD). He was an illiterate man who used to use the popular dialect and did not understand any of the foreign words and expressions. He also used to pretend that he did not understand any of the common expressions and this made him give synonymous expressions that signal other meanings to arouse laughter.

The name of Haji Wat which is usually connected with Qara Joz in the child theatre art and popular humorous culture is a person who was quite different from his companion Qara Joz. He was an educated person who had simple knowledge in mathematics, economics and grammar in addition to literature.   

He was an opportunist who used to safeguard his personal interest first and behaved according to situations and circumstances. He was the companion of Qara Joz in the above-mentioned historical event concerning their failure to comply with the date of finishing the building of a mosque as there had been a sarcastic dialogue between workers who had been building a mosque in Bursa city which was the capital of the Ottoman state at that time. Sultan Orkhan cut off the heads of Qara Joz and Haji Wat because of the delay in the execution of building the mosque and because they spent their time pelting one another with jokes.

    As to how this event has taken its way to become a sarcastic dramatic art, historians say that a man by the name of Sheikh Koshteri is the one who reported the workers' tale to the people. He also photographed the event in the presence of the Ottoman Sultan. We can see that the two form bilateral companions that can never be separated in the different situations between joking and crying (melodrama). This is the reason that has made it up-to-date a precious and abundant matter from which popular tales can be prepared and displayed to the children on occasions, in schools, in charity endowment houses and cultural centers for the purpose of guiding the children towards discipline and obedience in school and at home as well as respecting older people. It is also regarded as one of the branches of the popular Turkish literature.   

View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sat Feb 09 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The women at Al-Sakhaawi Book "A;-Dhau Al-Lami", Study in the social life
...Show More Authors

In our previous research , we study the method of women by ( al – sakhaawi " died 902
ah/1496a.c"book witch called ( al- dhau, al-lami) .
So in this paper , we will discuss the social life of women in the mamluk period through the
same book ,especially when the sakhaawi devoted a full part for women in the same book
called it (mhagam ,al –nessa)wich it translations a large number of women like wives
,daughters ,sisters ,and maids of mamluk sultans ,so that make my able to know a lot about
the social life of woman which we study it like a social aspects of women, here wealth,
business, professions ,and in the last we study the habits of them marriage .

View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of forensic accounting in resolving banking disputes: an applied research on a sample of private banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange
...Show More Authors

This study aims to identify the role of forensic accounting in resolving banking disputes in the Iraqi environment, and to achieve this goal, the fiel

d survey method was used, as it is the most appropriate for studying the phenomenon in question and achieving its objectives. A sample of (50) male and female employees was selected, distributed among five banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange in the Baghdad governorate. The questionnaire tool prepared for this purpose was applied to them, which consisted of two main axes. The first axis included paragraphs of questions related to the importance of forensic accounting. The second axis relates to disputes At the end of the research, we reached a set of conclusions, the most import

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2015
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
What is the contract of cultivating the land of the waqf in Islamic jurisprudence and the Algerian Awqaf law
...Show More Authors

What is the contract of cultivating the land of the waqf in Islamic jurisprudence and the Algerian Awqaf law

View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Wed Jun 20 2018
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Performance of the Actor (Sami Abdul-Hameed) in the Picturesque Theatre of the play Director (Salah AL-Kassab)
...Show More Authors

The researches discusses the style of acting used by (Sami Abdul-Hameed) in one of the play director (Salah AL-Kassab) production whine he called; Picturesque.
The problem of this research is to discover the differences between the performance of (Sami Abdul-Hameed) in the Picturesque Theatre and the other theatre.
The goal of the research is to get to know the style of acting used in (king Lear) directed by (Salah AL-Kassab).
After defining the term (picturesque theatre), the researcher discusses the elements of the Visual theatre and the components of the stage picture according to (Alexander Dean) and he refers to those well-known director who had emphasized the Visual elements. Such as (Gordon Grieg) and (Franco Zeferrel

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2015
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The Jews of the East in the journey of Benjamin and the Andalusian Alttali (d. 586 AH): (دراسة تحليلية)
...Show More Authors

Because of the diverse circumstances in Andalusia, the Jews lost much of the atmosphere of freedom and coexistence, which they enjoyed under Islamic rule there, to leave more Jews in the sixth century AH, under Spanish rule abolishing the existence of the other. And to impose his negativity with unjust domination. What motivated the people of Judaism; to turn their faces on the Islamic East; according to the coexistence climates that glorified various religions. It has emerged in this regard Benjamin Title (d. 685 e), who made a long journey to the east, recorded in the texts of the traveler, what will be shown research, God willing.

View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sun May 10 2015
Journal Name
Al-academy
Impediments to the use of the Iraqi musical instruments in the orchestra: احسان شاكر محسن زلزلة
...Show More Authors

The diversity of ideas and freedom of expression among the authors, who are looking for what's new serve the goals of musical expression and aesthetic, which calls for the use of traditional instruments with the formation of the great instrumental music and well-known orchestra, is a major challenge from several quarters, the failure of some of those musical instruments or limited potential or method performed by costly sometimes prevents the use of a permanent in this great configuration, had to be the emergence of some of the problems faced by the author and musician on the one hand and the receiver on the other hand, which must be looking for the perfect, some of these musical instrument are used systematically follows the work of the

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Feb 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Evaluating the Efficiency of the Municipal Sector in Anbar Governorate, using the Non-Parametric Approach (DEA).
...Show More Authors

 

The research aims to measure, assess and evaluate the efficiency of the directorates of Anbar Municipalities by using the Data Envelopment Analysis method (DEA). This is because the municipality sector is consider an important sector and has a direct contact with the citizen’s life. Provides essential services to citizens. The researcher used a case study method, and the sources of information collection based on data were monthly reports, the research population is represented by the Directorate of Anbar Municipalities, and the research sample consists of 7 municipalities which are different in terms of category and size of different types. The most important conclusion reached by the research i

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sat Jul 12 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Boundary between Advertisement and Mass Media Overlapping Levels in the Press (The Case of Iraq)
...Show More Authors

The advertisement is important in maximizing the resources of journalistic institutions. It helps them to perform their duties and also establishes their independence. However, this type of communication has often overlapped with other types of communication, including media and publicity.

Those in charge of the press bear responsibility in this regard, as some of them harness the advertisement for personal purposes; or detrimental to media content. Many communication authorities have drawn attention to the danger of confusing the concepts and levels of the three activities and have moved towards establishing rules to reduce overlap between them.

The aim of this research is to try to disengage the concept of advertising,

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Effectiveness Of the Poetic Text Between the Presence and Absence in Abu Firas al_Hamdani Romyate
...Show More Authors

Abu Firas al- Hamdani is one of the most prominent abbasid poets Who characterized their poetry with high artistic quality especially in his Romyate which blended the quality of feelings of grief, sorrow, longing and nostalgia that makes sensitive self conflict that stems with time from one hand and with place on the other hand. Because we are dealing with a poet lived west spatial coercive which it has been hurt him within a time conflict swinging between despair and some times patience and hope other times between the present and his painful reality also between the past and the beautiful times.
This researcher is to stand on this Romyat by monitoring effectiveness of the poetic text based on conflict between the presenc

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The effect of credit risk indicators on the profitability of banks in the Arab gulf countries
...Show More Authors

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of credit risk indicators on the Arab Gulf countries' banks Profitability over the period of 2015 to 2017.  The banking credit risk was calculated using non-performing loans ratio affecting banks profitability indicators like net income and by using fixed effect and random effect model analyses, the study found that increasing in non-performing loans ratio will decrease the net income in gulf banks, the study also found that personal loans represent the largest share of loans granted in gulf banks. Also, the study recommends the importance of developing the capabilities of credit departments in commercial banks in dealing with bad loans, and studying the financial statem

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref