Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad and upon his family and companions.
And after:
The research dealt with an important and critical era in the history of the Seljuk State of the Romans in Asia Minor, as that country, after the assumption of Sultan Ghiath al-Din Kehsaru II in the year 634 AH / 1236 CE, was subjected to the constant Mongol threat, so the research came marked with (the Seljuk State of Rome in Asia Minor and the Mongol invasion 634 - 708 AH / 1236 - 1308 AD) The research showed the succession of the Seljuk Sultans to the rulers whose rule after the death of Sultan Alaeddin Kikbad was weak and subject to the authority of the Mongols and the conflict of the sons among them over the throne of the Seljuk Sultanate, and to clarify the dispute that occurred between Izz al-Din Kikaus and his brother Rukn al-Din Qulayj Arslan Izz al-Din took refuge in Constantine The discussion dealt with the understanding and alliance between the Turks of Asia Minor and the Mamluk sultans in Cairo with the intention of confronting the common Mongol enemy. The relations of that country with the Abbasid Caliphate and the neighboring countries of the Khwarizmites and the Ayyubids were discussed.
The research dealt with the Mongol threat to the Sultans of the Seljuk state, as their country visited the Tatar forces and fought with them important battles, the most famous of which was the Battle of Kusa Dag
That ended with the victory of the Mongol forces over the Seljuks of the Romans in the year 640 AH / 1242 CE.
The research touched on the end of that country after the death of their last sultans Sultan Masud bin Izz al-Din Kikaus Masoud II, so the rule of the Seljuks in Asia Minor ended, which resulted in the emergence of a large number of Turkish Emirates on the ruins of the Sultanate of Rum in the year 708 AH / 1308 CE.
This book includes three main chapters: 1. Functions & Their Derivatives. 2. Minimum, Maximum and Inflection points. 3. Partial Derivative. In addition to many examples and exercises for the purpose of acquiring the student's ability to think correctly in solving mathematical questions.
Co-composting process can be acquired by combining organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) with sewage sludge (SS) and mature compost (MC) as enhancement and bulking agent to overcome the problems of municipal solid waste and wastewater treatment plants besides the finally produced fertilizer usage for agriculture and horticulture. The effects of different mixture ratios of (OFMSW), (SS) and (MC) on the performance of composting process were investigated in this study. Piles of about 10 kg were prepared by mixing OFMSW, SS and MC in three different ratios (w/w) [OFMSW: SS: MC= 3:1:1, 3:2:1, and 3:3:1]. Results showed that the pile [3:1:1] was most beneficial to composting. The final compost products contained a
... Show MoreIn this paper , an efficient new procedure is proposed to modify third –order iterative method obtained by Rostom and Fuad [Saeed. R. K. and Khthr. F.W. New third –order iterative method for solving nonlinear equations. J. Appl. Sci .7(2011): 916-921] , using three steps based on Newton equation , finite difference method and linear interpolation. Analysis of convergence is given to show the efficiency and the performance of the new method for solving nonlinear equations. The efficiency of the new method is demonstrated by numerical examples.
This book includes four main chapters: 1. Indefinite Integral. 2. Methods of Integration. 3. Definite Integral. 4. Multiple Integral. In addition to many examples and exercises for the purpose of acquiring the student's ability to think correctly in solving mathematical questions.
The question on affine Riesz basis of Walsh affine systems is considered. An affine Riesz basis is constructed, generated by a continuous periodic function that belongs to the space on the real line, which has a derivative almost everywhere; in connection with the construction of this example, we note that the functions of the classical Walsh system suffer a discontinuity and their derivatives almost vanish everywhere. A method of regularization (improvement of differential properties) of the generating function of Walsh affine system is proposed, and a criterion for an affine Riesz basis for a regularized generating function that can be represented as a sum of a series in the Rademacher system is obtained.
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have been developed to improve the efficiency and safety of road transport by using new technologies for communication. Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) are a subset of ITS widely used to solve different issues associated with transportation in cities. Road traffic congestion is still the most significant problem that causes important economic and productivity damages, as well as increasing environmental effects. This paper introduces an early traffic congestion alert system in a vehicular network, using the internet of things (IoT) and fuzzy logic, for optimizing the traffic and increasing the flow. The proposed system detects critical driving conditions, or any emerge
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Human action recognition has gained popularity because of its wide applicability, such as in patient monitoring systems, surveillance systems, and a wide diversity of systems that contain interactions between people and electrical devices, including human computer interfaces. The proposed method includes sequential stages of object segmentation, feature extraction, action detection and then action recognition. Effective results of human actions using different features of unconstrained videos was a challenging task due to camera motion, cluttered background, occlusions, complexity of human movements, and variety of same actions performed by distinct subjects. Thus, the proposed method overcomes such problems by using the fusion of featur
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The human kidney is one of the most important organs in the human body; it performs many functions
and has a great impact on the work of the rest of the organs. Among the most important possible treatments is
dialysis, which works as an external artificial kidney, and several studies have worked to enhance the
mechanism of dialysate flow and improve the permeability of its membrane. This study introduces a new
numerical model based on previous research discussing the variations in the concentrations of sodium,
potassium, and urea in the extracellular area in the blood during hemodialysis. We simulated the differential
equations related to mass transfer diffusion and we developed the model in MATLAB Simu
The messages are ancient method to exchange information between peoples. It had many ways to send it with some security.
Encryption and steganography was oldest ways to message security, but there are still many problems in key generation, key distribution, suitable cover image and others. In this paper we present proposed algorithm to exchange security message without any encryption, or image as cover to hidden. Our proposed algorithm depends on two copies of the same collection images set (CIS), one in sender side and other in receiver side which always exchange message between them.
To send any message text the sender converts message to ASCII c
... Show MoreWorld statistics declare that aging has direct correlations with more and more health problems with comorbid conditions. As healthcare communities evolve with a massive amount of data at a faster pace, it is essential to predict, assist, and prevent diseases at the right time, especially for elders. Similarly, many researchers have discussed that elders suffer extensively due to chronic health conditions. This work was performed to review literature studies on prediction systems for various chronic illnesses of elderly people. Most of the reviewed papers proposed machine learning prediction models combined with, or without, other related intelligence techniques for chronic disease detection of elderly patie
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