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The Seljuk Rum State in  Asia Minor and the Mongol Invasion 634 - 708 AH / 1236 - 1308 AD
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Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad and upon his family and companions.
And after:
      The research dealt with an important and critical era in the history of the Seljuk State of the Romans in Asia Minor, as that country, after the assumption of Sultan Ghiath al-Din Kehsaru II in the year 634 AH / 1236 CE, was subjected to the constant Mongol threat, so the research came marked with (the Seljuk State of Rome in Asia Minor and the Mongol invasion 634 - 708 AH / 1236 - 1308 AD) The research showed the succession of the Seljuk Sultans to the rulers whose rule after the death of Sultan Alaeddin Kikbad was weak and subject to the authority of the Mongols and the conflict of the sons among them over the throne of the Seljuk Sultanate, and to clarify the dispute that occurred between Izz al-Din Kikaus and his brother Rukn al-Din Qulayj Arslan Izz al-Din took refuge in Constantine The discussion dealt with the understanding and alliance between the Turks of Asia Minor and the Mamluk sultans in Cairo with the intention of confronting the common Mongol enemy. The relations of that country with the Abbasid Caliphate and the neighboring countries of the Khwarizmites and the Ayyubids were discussed.
      The research dealt with the Mongol threat to the Sultans of the Seljuk state, as their country visited the Tatar forces and fought with them important battles, the most famous of which was the Battle of Kusa Dag
That ended with the victory of the Mongol forces over the Seljuks of the Romans in the year 640 AH / 1242 CE.
      The research touched on the end of that country after the death of their last sultans Sultan Masud bin Izz al-Din Kikaus Masoud II, so the rule of the Seljuks in Asia Minor ended, which resulted in the emergence of a large number of Turkish Emirates on the ruins of the Sultanate of Rum in the year 708 AH / 1308 CE.

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparison Between Partial Least Square Regression(PLSR) and Tree Regression by Using Simulation(RT).
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This research discussed, the process of comparison between the regression model of partial least squares and tree regression, where these models included two types of statistical methods represented by the first type "parameter statistics" of the partial least squares, which is adopted when the number of variables is greater than the number of observations and also when the number of observations larger than the number of variables, the second type is the "nonparametric statistic" represented by tree regression, which is the division of data in a hierarchical way. The regression models for the two models were estimated, and then the comparison between them, where the comparison between these methods was according to a Mean Square

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 15 2008
Journal Name
اطروحة دكتوراه
الاقليمية الدولية الجديدة في عالم ما بعد الحرب الباردة : انموذج آسيا الباسفيك
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The thesis discusses the concept of the new international regionalism that emerged after the growing effects and repercussions of globalization with its economic, political and security dimensions after the end of the Cold War and the crystallization of a different international system dominated by the United States of America, so that the major countries and actors in the international system realize the danger of globalization and move towards adopting regional arrangements to contain the negative effects of globalization. The Asia-Pacific model was chosen as a model for the study.

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 13 2018
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Dynamic Routing Method over Hybrid SDN for Flying Ad Hoc Networks
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Due to the high mobility and dynamic topology of the FANET network, maintaining communication links between UAVs is a challenging task. The topology of these networks is more dynamic than traditional mobile networks, which raises challenges for the routing protocol. The existing routing protocols for these networks partly fail to detect network topology changes. Few methods have recently been proposed to overcome this problem due to the rapid changes of network topology. We try to solve this problem by designing a new dynamic routing method for a group of UAVs using Hybrid SDN technology (SDN and a distributed routing protocol) with a highly dynamic topology. Comparison of the proposed method performance and two other algorithms is simula

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 08 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
EX-SITU Characterization of Luffa aegyptaica in Lagos State, Nigeria
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Luffa aegyptiaca is a plant of multi-purpose importance whose usefulness cuts across virtually all areas of life. This study has characterized L. aegyptiaca in Lagos state and determined the mineral, proximate, phytochemical as well as the heavy metal accumulation potential. Samples were collected from the 20 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Lagos state at 2 samples per location.   Genetic similarity and intra-specific variation in 40 samples of L. aegyptiaca were determined using 3 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers which yielded a total of 42 markers of which 25 was polymorphic. The maximum number of bands (14) was produced by OPC4 while the minimum (7) were produced by OPAF20. Percenta

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 11 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Business Economics For Applied Research
The impact of total quality management on the quality engineering of Diyala State Company's products and production processes
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Publication Date
Fri Nov 27 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Investigation of the State Vectors and Prediction of the Orbital Elements for Spot-6 Satellite during 1300 periods with Perturbations
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Abstract<p>Computer simulations were carried out to investigate the dependence of the main perturbation parameters (Sun and Moon attractions, solar radiation pressure, atmosphere drag, and geopotential of Earth) on the orbital behavior of satellite. In this simulation, the Cowell method for accelerations technique was adopted, the equation of motion with perturbation was solved by 4<sup>th</sup> order Runge-Kutta method with step (1/50000) of period to obtain the state vectors for position and velocity. The results of this simulation have been compared with data that available on TLEs (NORD data in two line elements). The results of state vectors for satellites (Cartosat-2B, Gsat-14 an</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sat Oct 11 2025
Journal Name
Adab Al Rafidayn
The State of the Practical Application by Students at Department of Information and Technology and Libraries/ Institute of Administration-Al-Rusafa: A Developmental Evaluative Study
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Practical application is an effective tool for preparing qualified scientific and technical cadres if applied correctly and efficiently. In addition to being the complementary part of everything that has been studied in the years of study, it is a scientific linking tool between theory and application. Here lies the importance of this research in clarifying the central and important role that practical application plays in general in raising the scientific level of the student, and the extent of the suitability of the curriculum and means of practical application and the extent and needs of the students applying at the Institute of Administration - Rusafa - Department of Information Technology and Libraries. This research attempted to answe

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
The transition rates for 232Th using the two component particle-hole state density with different corrections
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The particle-hole state densities have been calculated for 232Th in
the case of incident neutron with  ,  1 Z Z T T T T and   2 Z T T .
The finite well depth, surface effect, isospin and Pauli correction are
considered in the calculation of the state densities and then the
transition rates. The isospin correction function ( ) iso f has been
examined for different exciton configurations and at different
excitation energies up to 100 MeV. The present results are indicated
that the included corrections have more affected on transition rates
behavior for        , , and    above 30MeV excitation energy

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 19 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Big Data Approch to Enhance Organizational Ambidexterity An Exploratory Study of a Sample of Managers at ASIA Cell For Mobile Telecommunication Company in Iraq
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               The research aimed at measuring the compatibility of Big date with the organizational Ambidexterity dimensions of the Asia cell  Mobile telecommunications company in Iraq in order to determine the possibility of adoption of Big data Triple as a approach to achieve organizational Ambidexterity.

The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach to collect and analyze the data collected by the questionnaire tool developed on the Likert scale After  a comprehensive review of the literature related to the two basic study dimensions, the data has been subjected to many statistical treatments in accordance with res

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The efficiency of Paecilomyce farinosus as biocontrol to larve stage on second ad sixith instar larve of Trogoderma granarium (Everts)
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The present study was conducted to determine the pathogenicity of Paecilomyces farinosus as biocontrol agents against Tragoderma granarium (khapra) under laboratory conditions with three concentrations ( 2.8 x 108 , 2.8 x 106 ,2.8 x104 spores/ ml). The laboratory results revealed that fungi showed it's higher pathogencity to larve stage on 2nd instar and 6th instar , although their capability differs according to the fungi concentrations this fungi caused higher mortality of 2nd larval instar 70% and 60% ,55% when it was used at concentrations 2 .8 x 106 ,2.8 x104 spores/ ml respectively. On the other hand on 6th larval instars 55% , 35% , 30% at concentrations ( 2.8 x 108 , 2.8 x 106 ,2.8 x104 spores/ ml) respectively, and the h

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