The general crisis of research methods in the social sciences
Research methodology: philosophy and techniques, founded by philosophers and applied by scientists, and no accurate application of techniques except with a deep understanding of philosophy, as a prerequisite. This fact is almost completely absent from the Iraqi and Arab academic mentality. This constituted one of the dimensions of the double crisis - theoretical and applied - of research methods in the social sciences. As first, there is no philosophy of science, neither as an independent material nor as an introductory subject, but not even an oral confirmation. Secondly, the advancement of quantitative research methods are presented without a background philosophy, as sol

Abstract

In this paper presents two dimensional turbulent flow of different nanofluids and ribs configuration in a circular tube have been numerically investigation using FLUENT 6.3.26. Two samples of CuO and, ZnO nanoparticles with 2% v/v concentration and 40 nm as nanoparticle diameter combined with trapezoidalribs with aspect ratio of p/d=5.72 in a constant tube surface heat flux were conducted for simulation. The results showed that heat flow as Nusselt number for all cases raises with Reynolds number and volume fraction of nanofluid, likewise the results also reveal that ZnO with volume fractions of 2% in trapezoidal ribs offered highest Nusselt number at Reynolds number of Re= 30000.

Key

Despite the principle of separation of powers brought by the French Revolution, which entrusted the task of drafting legislation and its amendment to the legislative authority and the task of settling disputes and settling them in the judiciary. However, since that date, the French judiciary has played a major role in the development of French civil law (In spite of all the economic and social developments that have taken place in French society throughout these years) since its promulgation until February of 2016, the date of the Legislative Decree No. 131 of the year 2016 A modification is the largest in the history of the French Civil Code (which was the judicial precedents in which a significant impact), was assisted by the French judic

          There is an increase in the need for cost accounting in all organizations and from different sectors to provide detailed information to the totals of financial accounting, first and help solve problems associated with inventory and analysis, tabulation and allocation of cost elements II and do the planning process and provide the necessary oversight and help to take the right decisions such as pricing decisions that need to Information cost accounting.
And suffer most of the non-governmental organizations from the lack of a cost accounting system provides information on the cost of service in these organizations and the department research sample circle v

The aim of this research is to explore the time and space distribution of traffic volume demand and investigate its vehicle compositions. The four selected links presented the activity of transportation facilities and different congestion points according to directions. The study area belongs to Al-Rusafa sector in Baghdad city that exhibited higher rate of traffic congestions of working days at peak morning and evening periods due to the different mixed land uses. The obtained results showed that Link (1) from Medical city intersection to Sarafiya intersection, demonstrated the highest traffic volume in both peak time periods morning AM and afternoon PM where the demand exceeds the capacity along the link corridor. Also, higher values f

The topic of context is one of the important topics, which was mentioned as a concept in several fields and different fields, and there were many points of view that defined that concept.
He specified the title of the research (design contexts in the design of the interior space), as the research sought to identify the concept of context in the interior design of the spaces of sewing workshops. The research was divided into four chapters:
The first chapter, which consists of the methodological framework, the problem of research and the need for it, the importance of research, the goal and limits of research for sewing workshops for vocational schools from (2020-2021).
The second chapter: consists of previous studies and the theo

المستخلص [English] Peace-building is a science that has its foundations and needs mechanisms, components, studies and plans based on the needs of the parties responsible for achieving peace and meeting the necessary needs of conflict societies, as it has become a goal sought by many local and regional actors and parties. The State of South Africa has realized this fact and has devoted space in its conception and planning to addressing the issues of conflict and war within the framework of its unitary work.Since security and stability in general seek to create peaceful and legal means through which existing problems can be expressed and addressed. The differences have varied to build peace and create cooperation between groups and th

This study aims to reach the right of governorates that are not organized in a region to impose local legislation, including tax legislation, and the extent of the constitutionality of this legislation and its consistency with constitutional texts and legal rules. The imposition of local taxes finds its constitutional and legal basis in the Iraqi constitution for the year 2005 and the law of governorates not organized in a region.The imposition of local taxes corresponds to the principle of tax legality, which is reflected in the necessity of issuing tax laws from a competent authority, whether this authority is federal, regional or local. Rather, it is sufficient that it be competent

The Symbolic Interaction of the Kindergarten

This research deals with the most important grammatical views of the science of the media of the Arab and Andalusian grammar is: Abu Ali al-Shloubini, who filled his name the pages of important grammatical books such as: (singer Al-Labib) Ibn Ibn Hisham, and the book (like and analogues), and (Hama Alhwama) for Suyuti, and other books The task, I have divided my research into the topics: I talked in the first section on his life and his biography and his works, and the second topic: it included his independent opinions and the third section contained the most prominent views selected The fourth and final topic, was his responses to grammarians, and concluded my research with the most prominent findings Research to them, which was the mos