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Except that of wishing between Sibawayh and grammarians
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The scholars of Arabic - may God reward them with the reward of the doers of good - laid down the rules of this language, the cycle of which never ceases to dazzle minds, so they adopted principles according to which they judged the denomination of this word, and the accusative of that, and determined in its light the worker and the done, until they reached us the rules and foundations of our dear language, and it is obvious that they differ. The origins of grammarians from one school of thought to another, or from one world to another, especially with regard to the subsidiary rules, and this difference was clearly reflected in what we have received from the rules, as we find a difference in the rulings that they restricted to the one factor or the applied, so we find two different rulings for the same word, so each of them rules According to a hearing, or a logical or moral argument that the other did not reach, or that he reached others, and both rulings are correct according to the principles that the scholar relies on, and the recipient must be convinced of any of them he wants, so he takes it with conviction in the principles of that ruling and its argument, and this multiplicity of opinions is not considered It is a defect, but it is one of the virtues of our Arabic language, as it gives it flexibility that other languages do not have, and among the many rulings in it is (not) that negates gender if an interrogative hamza enters it, and it indicates that they combine the meaning of wishing, for I used to read Ibn Hisham repeatedly, and I find him mentioning (Except) which is for wishing at Sibawayh, so my curiosity seduced me in searching for its truth and getting to know it, and its rulings, so this research came as a result of that curiosity, so I ask God that my curiosity be of benefit, and that I am not just an intruder, and I tried in this research to collect the opinions of grammarians About (no) if the interrogative hamza enters it and their wishful composition is indicated, and these opinions are compared with each other, and an attempt is made to reach its truth.
It should be noted that many grammarians did not elaborate on it, while a large number of them did not mention it, nor did they mention it except for two anonymous witnesses, which constituted an obstacle for me to reach the opinions of the grammarians about it.

I can not help but ask the reader for an excuse if he finds a slip or a mistake, for I am only a human being who has no immunity from error, and between me is a soul that is inclined towards evil. It is a mistake, but I do not mean it, and I seek forgiveness from God Almighty and repent to Him, and praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and the best prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad, and his family and companions altogether.

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Publication Date
Thu May 09 2024
Journal Name
Polymer Bulletin
Synthesis, characterization and investigation of liquid crystalline properties for some cross-link polymers containing melamine
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Fri Mar 15 2024
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Assessing Iraqi ESL Fourth Year College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Students' Writing Anxiety
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Thu Jul 31 2025
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Artificial Intelligence in English Language Education in Iraq: A Review study of Interventions and Perceptions
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AI in teaching English is reshaping language learning. While interest in AI-supported education is growing worldwide, research in this area is still emerging in Iraq. This review synthesizes empirical AI-based intervention studies to enhance English language learning in Iraqi higher education, and the perceptions of stakeholders regarding AI tools in language instruction. The reviewed intervention studies, comprising studies employed different AI platforms to support grammar instruction, speaking fluency, writing feedback, and pragmatic competence. These interventions yielded improvements in learners’ performance, motivation, and communicative confidence. In parallel, perception-focused studies revealed positive attitudes toward A

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Sun Jun 05 2016
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Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Nucleoside Analogues from Substituted Benzimidazole via 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition
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This paper includes the synthesis of some new nucleoside analogues starting with 2-substituted benzimidazole derivative (7-9), that synthesized by condensation of O-phenylenediamine with p-chloro benzaldehyde and two substituted benzoic acid , which on nucleophilic substitution with propargyl bromide gave a new N-substituted compounds (10-12). D-Fructose and D-galactose were chosen as a sugar moiety which were protected, brominated and azotated to give azido sugars (5) and (6), then they were subjected to 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with N-substuted compounds afforded bloked nucleoside analoges (13-16), which after hydrolysis gave our target the free nucleoside analogues (17-20). All prepared compounds were identified by FT-IR

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Fri Jan 01 2016
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Synthesis, characterization and anticonvulsant evaluation of new derivatives derived from 5-methoxy-2-mercapto benzimidazole
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A new series of 5-methoxy-2-mercapto benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of 5-methoxy- 2-mercaptobenzimidazole with chloroacetic acid and affords 2-((5-methoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)thio) acetic acid (1),which on cyclization with acetic anhydride and pyridine gives 7- methoxybenzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol- 3(2H)-one(2), which on condensation with different aryl aldehydes in the presence of anhydrous sodium acetate in glacial acetic acid, furnishes a arylidene thiazolidinone. The purity of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by melting point and TLC.The structures were established by different spectral analysis such as FTIR,1HNMR, and CHN analysis. The newly synthesized compounds (3a-d) were in vivo evaluated f

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Fri Oct 28 2022
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Applications of contemporary feminist theory and its role in international relations (Singapore as a Model)
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Since the emergence of the science of international relations as an independent academic scientific field,  various theories and trends have appeared and have tried to understand and explain the international reality and give a clear picture of what is happening within the international system of interactions and influences and the search for tools for stability and peace in international relations. Among these theories is the feminist theory, which is a new intellectual trend on the level of international relations theories,  which tried to give an explanation of what is happening in world politics and in international relations in particular. The main issue that feminist theory is concerned with is the lack of women’s subordination

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Sun Sep 05 2010
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Detection of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in serum from women with recurrent spontaneous abortion
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To investigate the role of IL-6 and IL-8 in the immune-regulatory mechanisms involved in the recurrent spontaneous abortion of the first trimester of pregnancy. Serum level of IL-6 and IL-8 were determined in 25 women of age (20-35) years who had a spontaneous abortion of unknown aetiology during the first trimester of pregnancy .They were compared with the corresponding levels of 20 pregnant and non-pregnant women as control groups .cytokine levels were measured by (ELISA) technique .The women with spontaneous abortion had highly significant (P < 0.01) increased serum level of IL-8 and highly significant (P < 0.01 ) decreased level of IL-6 compared to those with normal pregnant and non-pregnant women. The results of this study ma

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Tue Mar 01 2022
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Development, Validation, and Performance Evaluation of An Air-Driven Free-Piston Linear Expander Numerical Model
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Detection of shoreline change in AL-Thirthar Lake using remotely sensed imagery and topography map
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Diesel Engine Efficiency under Varying Loads and Engine Oil Contaminated with Safe levels of Glycol
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Although allowable amounts of glycol contamination in diesel engine oil, no research has been conducted on how these levels and varying loads affect engine performance. The research used a four-stroke diesel engine to investigate the effect of different glycol contamination levels (0, 120, and 220 ppm) under two engine loads (4.5 and 9 kW). Brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, friction power, and exhaust gas temperature were measured to determine the engine performance. The experiment used the factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. Increasing the contamination levels from 0 to 120 and then to 220 ppm under constant engine load significantly increased brake specific fuel con

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