This research involves the civilized vision of the trends and approaches of philosophical thought in the Islamic Orient, whose objectives were to show Islamic philosophy and the pioneers of thought in it and the most important products that crystallized after its emergence in the Islamic world

substitution is considered a method of meaning enrichment and is a formal substitution for the letter or the word inside the text, and it is an expression substitution that is a replacement of an element of a text with a formal or graphic element, and a substitution of a latter form by a previous vocalization, thus it results in a cohesive expression. Replacement inside the text happens through the existing relation between the word or the letter and the form within the phenomenon that is based on enhancing the meaning in a way that delimits the context. There are many studies and researches written about replacement, especially in the textual linguistics that focused on the literary and linguistic texts. Hence, the researcher found that

The roots of international relations: peace or war: A critical review A great debate has taken place about international relations between scholars concerning peace and War .The concept of root is matched with that of exception. And the importance of the research lies in the ensuing results in the report about the legitimacy of war and the space it holds, so if the origin of international relation is war .the obstacles against it are going to decrease .and if the origin lies in peace then the dimension of its legitimacy will narrow. key words: international relation –peace-war. Résumé : L’Origine des relations internationales : guerre ou paix : révisions critiques L’origine des relations internationales entre guerre et paix, a s

The research includes a bout IL- IQulle , and their role in scientific of the Islamic – Arabic civilization , for Dr. Khlood M.Namma the proff in the collage of education for woman , Baghdad university , History department

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على الحيوية الذاتية فضلاً عن التعرف على الفروق في الحيوية الذاتية بين الطلبة على وفق متغير الجنس (ذكر – انثى) والمرحلة الدراسية (أول-رابع) والتخصص الدراسي (علمي-انساني)، تألفت عينة الدراسة من (120) طالبا وطالبة من طلبة الجامعة، وتم تطبيق مقياس الدراسة -مقياس (الحيوية الذاتية) وهو (من إعداد الباحثة)، وقد اسفرت نتائج الدراسة عن: - إن طلبة الجامعة يتمتعون بدرجة عالية من الحيوية الذاتية. - وجود ف

 The government gave the muslims additional things to the sum of money ,it was al rizq which was given to the mujahidin .

   Those who distributed the ata where called al urafa ,they were from the best biography people

هدفت الدراسة التعرف على الشفقة بالذات لدى الطلبة فضلا عن التعرف على الفروق في الشفقة بالذات وفق متغيرات : الجنس –التخصص الدراسي – المرحلة الدراسية، تالفت عينة الدراسة من (200) طالب وطالبة موزعين بالتساوي حسب الجنس (ذكور – اناث) والتخصص الدراسي (علمي - انساني) والمرحلة الدراسية ( الاولى - الرابعة )، وبعد تطبيق مقياس الدراسة وتحليل الاجابات احصائيا ، اظهرت النتائج ان الطلبة لديهم شفقة بالذات كما اظهرت النتائج عدم

There are many characters which belong to small & medium projects, this is not relate to their size only but also to its quality charchcters & the quantities indicators.

There is a focus in the ownership, management, Resources beside the limited internal control system.

 the auditor must put his program according to the project’s circumstance, so auditing the small projects differs than other projects which maybe is less complex and done by limited persons

This research aims to show the responsibility of certified public accountant in evaluation the risks of the small & medium projects through depending the audit- based risk program which develop the useful information.

The research aims to study and analyze the reality of the internal control system in the company surveyed .       To find out how effective and efficient internal control system , problem – centered research that addressed the performance of the internal control system .

          The research Description applied and the interview Alchksahvi analysis and interpretation of results .         The researchers recommended the need for attention to the training courses and the need for segregation of duties and functions in the main and subsidiary records , taking in to account periodic reconciliations between the lists and financ

يهدف البحث إلى تحليل خطوات التكلفة المس تهدفة الخضراء من أجل تخفيض تكاليف الفشل البيئية المتمثلة بالتكاليف الداخلية والخارجية للشركات الصناعية وجعل منتجاتها صديقة للبيئة وذات ضرر قليل من خلال تخضير المنتجات والتي تؤدي إلى تخفيض تكاليف الفشل البيئية