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Principles of war and jihad to protect the environment and civilians in times of war in Islamic Sharia
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The use of destructive weapons in wars without restrictions and controls, which eat green and dry land, pollute the environment and cause genocide, has become the problem of the times.

International conventions for the protection of the environment during armed conflicts are characterized by generality, ambiguity, and open to interpretation by the participating states in the agreement, and each state interprets these texts to serve its interests, but the Islamic Sharia stipulates the prohibition of the use of these comprehensive destructive weapons in an unambiguous manner, As stated in the Holy Quran:

                 البقرة [190]

The modern wars that took place in the world such as the First and Second World Wars, and other wars that took place in the region, including: the first and second Gulf wars and the Iran-Iraq war were known for great violations by the warriors using all prohibited weapons despite these agreements and laws that prevent this, but the Islamic wars and the conquests that After the time of the Messenger and the Rightly-guided Caliphs, evidence of corruption, arson and major crimes was not transmitted to very limited cases and when the warriors fell short. Islamic Sharia prohibits genocide not only for humans but for animals, birds and insects in order to preserve biological diversity and protect the environment and its balance that God created.

War has existed since the existence of man on earth and its results have been cruel and destructive, and with it there have been customs, traditions, principles and controls to reduce its dangers, until what we see today of treaties, agreements and laws have reached to limit them and not expose the innocent to their woes, but as we have said, we did not and will not find a law or law that controls War and it sets controls and goes into its details and guarantees protection for civilians and those who are unable to fight, as the tolerant Islamic Sharia is integrated and comprehensive, and what we find from the lofty principles in the laws we find their roots in Islamic Sharia.

If the principles of Sharia were taken as a basic source for the laws of war, the destruction of humanity and its environment as a result of unjust wars in the whole world and in our country in particular would not have occurred.

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 15 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Assessing the Brief Book of the Modern and Contemporary History of Asia from the Perspective of the Students in the Department of History - University of Baghdad
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The current research aims to assess the Brief Book of the Modern and Contemporary History of Asia from the perspective of the students in the Department of History, University of Baghdad. The study is carried out in Iraq and the research group has included students of the Department of History in the College of Education--Ibn Rushd and the College of Education for Women- University of Baghdad. The chosen sample of the assigned research consisted of (72) students from third stage in the Department of History, which equals (0.38%) of the total group members amounted (188) female and male students representing (40) students from the College of Education--Ibn Rushd, and 32 students from

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Entrepreneurial performance in accordance with the competitive intelligence and strategic
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 The research aims to study the entrepreneurial performance of the banks, according to the intelligence of competitive and strategic as the entrepreneurial performance is the one who does not stand the benefits of excellence in accomplished when just achieving the bank's objectives planned, but exceed it down to creativity in accomplishing these goals in a manner leads to making a entrepreneurial bank in the markets and the focus the eyes of competitors and the banks and other Following his example.

Was chosen the subject of research and strategic intelligence and competitive because of its impact on the strategic success of the banking sector, the fact is the entrepreneurial in the Iraqi banking mar

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Using game theory models to determine the profit maximization policies for PepsiCo and Coca Cola in Baghdad
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(Use of models of game theory in determining the policies to maximize profits for the Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola in the province of Baghdad)

Due to the importance of the theory of games especially theories of oligopoly in the study of the reality of competition among companies or governments and others the researcher linked theories of oligopoly to Econometrics to include all the policies used by companies after these theories were based on price and quantity only the researcher applied these theories to data taken from Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola In Baghdad Steps of the solution where stated for the models proposed and solutions where found to be balance points is for the two companies according to the princi

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 20 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
EVALUATION OF SOME BIOChEMICAL LEVELS IN THE SERUM OF PROFESSORS EXPOSED TO CHEMICALS IN THE LABORATORIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SAMARRA: EVALUATION OF SOME BIOChEMICAL LEVELS IN THE SERUM OF PROFESSORS EXPOSED TO CHEMICALS IN THE LABORATORIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SAMARRA
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A chemical study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the liver enzyme concertation and uric acid level and its antagonists in the serum of the professors exposed to chemicals in the laboratories of the University of Samarra and their comparison with the healthy people. The research included 25 samples of the exposed professors and 20 samples as a group of officers.

              The results of the current study showed a significant increase in the level of   AST, ALT in the serum of professors exposed to chemicals compared to healthy people. The results showed no significant increase in

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
A Try to combine more than approaches and competitive strategies to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.
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The objective of this research paper is two-fold. The first is a precise reading of the theoretical underpinnings of each of the strategic approaches: "Market approach" for (M. Porter), and the alternative resource-based approach (R B V), advocates for the idea that the two approaches are complementary. Secondly, we will discuss the possibility of combining the two competitive strategies: cost leadership and differentiation. Finally, we propose a consensual approach that we call "dual domination". 

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Publication Date
Thu May 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
ways to employ planning and architectural methods to rationalize the introduction of electricity
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the rationalization of energy consumption Require awareness in the possibility of bridging the local need severe shortage of electric power for daily requirements. The research aims to show that the engineers of various specializations and architects, including in particular can have an active role in about the importance of the role of energy in human life, and it’s best utilization without extravagance (which our religion forbids it). Here lies the problem of the research to find possible means and alternative methods to reduce (rationalization) electrical energy consumption in hot dry areas in general which need large energy for air conditioning because of the crucial climate of these regions that making access to the area o

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Problem of Paradox and its Manifestations: A Study in the Titles of Najm Wali's Novels
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The irony pushes us to inquire about what is in the text of contradiction, irony, suspense, and other acts of paradox, as well as a departure from what is logical, or familiar, that attracts the attention of the addressee, and this is what drives us to introspect the text and interrogate it in order to get to know the intended product of the text or its real or metaphorical intent. On the other hand, the irony is more in the literary text than in the scientific texts. Therefore, critics add the word literature to it in their definition.

 As it is represented by the paradox, we will seek to study the paradox of the title and the problematic that it may pose as the beginning of the text, and i

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Proposal of Using Principle of Maximizing Entropy of Generalized Gamma Distribution to Estimate the Survival probabilities of the Population in Iraq
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In this research we been estimated the survival function for data suffer from the disturbances and confusion of Iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey: IHSES II 2012 , to data from a five-year age groups follow the distribution of the Generalized Gamma: GG. It had been used two methods for the purposes of estimating and fitting which is the way the Principle of Maximizing Entropy: POME, and method of booting to nonparametric smoothing function for Kernel, to overcome the mathematical problems plaguing integrals contained in this distribution in particular of the integration of the incomplete gamma function, along with the use of traditional way in which is the Maximum Likelihood: ML. Where the comparison on the basis of the method of the Cen

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Under the title "ideas to demonstrate and prove some new insight into the measurement of psychological and educational assessment"Paragraphs of the psychometric analysis between the logical and virtual (for arbitrators experts and specialists) and the sta
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   Thsst researcher problem of delays faced by researchers are all waiting to evaluate their standards by the experts who must take their views to extract the truth Virtual important step first step in building standards whatsoever, then the difference of opinion among experts about the paragraphs Whatever the scope of their functions, leading to confusion in maintaining these paragraphs or delete? Or ignore the views and opinion of the researcher to maintain the same? Or as agreed upon with the supervisor if he was a student? Especially if the concepts of a modern new building.
   Therefore, the researcher sought to try to find a solution to her problem to conduct an experiment to test building steps

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Organizational commitment and its role in enhancing the performance of employees : exploratory search of the views of a sample of managers and employees of the General Company for Dairy Products
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Expected to The organizational commitment by employees increases their loyalty towards their organization and thus contribute to enhancing their performance , therefore this study aimed to discover the relationship and the impact between the organizational commitment (emotional commitment, standard commitment, continuous commitment) and the performance of employees in the company researched, additional to know the available organizational commitment levels of employees in the company researched and its impact on the performance of employees, Research was conducted at the General Company for products in the dairy to achieve the goals of research has been developed questionnaire conation (22 ) items to collect data from the study s

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