Developed and underdevelopment countries, on equal terms, face the problem of budget deficiency. Budget deficiency means that the public expenditure surpasses the public revenues. This, on the international level, is one of the most serious economic problems with many direct effects on the national economy, and depends, basically, on its finance chosen method. Looking for a solution to this problem, for this reason and many other ones, has been highlighted in spite of the many attempts to reduce the role of the governmental expenditure. Budget deficiency can not be attributed to a single unique cause since it is complex phenomenons the causes of which are related to many factors contribute to its occurrence, some of which refer t

The current research aimed to identify psychological stability and its relationship to university integration and spiritual intelligence among university students. The research sample consisted of (158) students from the College of Education - Al-Mustansiriya University.

A scale was applied: psychological stability, university integration, and spiritual intelligence,   and by using the (Pearson) correlation coefficient, and the t-test, the results showed: the sample members enjoy psychological stability, university integration, and spiritual intelligence, and there is a positive, statistically significant correlation between the research variables, and the results resulted in some recommendations and proposals.

Background: Measuring the concentration of hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) in HBV patients can be determined with immunoassay techniques. This study aimed to measure the HbsAg titers in chronic HBV patients and to assess its correlation with patients' ages, gender, and with the levels of liver enzymes and total serum bilirubin. Materials and Method: Fifty-eight chronic hepatitis B infected patients were enrolled in this study. Age and gender of the patients were recorded. HbsAg concentration was tested with automated Immunoanalyzer. The patients were also tested for ALT, AST, ALP, and TSB by automated chemistry analyzer. Results: All the chronic HBV patients have positive HBsAg titers above the negative cutoff (0.05U/L) with mea

ABSTRACT. The reaction between benzil and hexamethylenediamine formed a new ligand [L], [(1Z,3Z)-2,3-diphenyl-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-1,4-diazecine], of the type [N2], was synthesized by the condensation reaction through Schiff base reaction between benzil and hexamethylenediamine. The new Schiff base ligand reacts with Mnп, Niп and Coп metal ions to give the complexes with the general formula: [M(L)Cl2]. The elemental investigations have been used to analyze the ligand and its complexes by CHN, FT-IR, UV-Vis, TLC, mass spectrum, melting point with the study of biological activity to the formed compounds. From the data obtained, the proposed molecular structure adopts square planar structure about the metal ions. The study reveals

Abstract

                 This research aims to define the roles of auditors by clarifying the concept and risks of cyber security in protecting information and financial data in economic units. Najaf, Babylon and Karbala, then the results were analyzed and the results were presented and analyzed to show that adopting cyber security improves the quality of reports Finance through what it achieves in displaying information with credibility and transparency, in a way that suits the needs of users, and cyber security has a role in managing economic resources more effectively to obtain benefits that would have been lost in the event of an

Research Summary

In The Name of Allah Most Gracious Most Merciful

The word injustice and its derivatives were repeated in the Holy Qur’an in several places, approximately (154) times. This is due to the severity of its danger, and that the most dangerous thing that our Islamic nation suffers from in our time is; It is injustice in all its forms and types, so we should all have an honest review of the sincere change in the right direction, and uncover cases of injustice and explain their causes and causes, and work to treat them and rid the wrongdoers of their injustice, and help them to correct their condition. To reveal their grievances and explain their causes and causes, and work to remedy them, and support them and mi

This research aimed to identify the level of English language knowledge among the students of scientific colleges and the preparatory year (scholarship students) at the Islamic University of Madinah. The research was limited to identifying students at the meanings of vocabulary and grammar of the English language. The researcher used a descriptive approach to achieve study goals. It applied three tools to collect information from the targeted sample; first, a test for determining the level of students in the achievement of vocabulary which applied to (69) students. Second, a test to determine the level of students in the English language grammar, (73) students took part. Third, a survey to get students’ opinions about the program of te

Nanosilica was extracted from rice husk, which was locally collected from the Iraqi mill at Al-Mishikhab district in Najaf Governorate, Iraq. The precipitation method was used to prepared Nanosilica powder from rice husk ash, after treating it thermally at 700°C, followed by dissolving the silica in the alkaline solution and getting a sodium silicate solution. Two samples of the final solution were collected to study the effect of filtration on the purity of the sample by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The result shows that the filtered samples have purity above  while the non-filtered sample purity was around  The structure analysis investigated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), found that the Nanosilica powder has an amorphous

Abstract
The Verbal Violence that is directed towards sons is considered one of
the dehavioural problems that have negative reflections on the personality
of the individual . the increase in the frequency and intensity of that
behavior in the daily life may lead to psychological and behavioural
disturbances, and such behaviourhas to be stooped in an early time before it

leave negative affects on the personality of the teenager which will not be
cured or removed easily .
The family that is represented by the parents has a prominent effect In the
shaping of the teenager's personality , hence forth the normal teenage is
a reflection of a stable family life , relatively empty of disturbances and
unbalanc