There are many studies regarding the topic of ‘leadership’ in modern era, especially the studies of the west and the Muslims who followed them in our Arab countries. These studies rely on the modern western theories, they deal with topics like the difference between administration and leadership

El Lázarillo señala a fines del reinado del emperador, el comienzo de un
nuevo género en la literatura castellana. A través de sus páginas nos adentró en un
mundo de pobreza, de
hambre secular, de hipocresía, y rodeado de problemas.
Lázaro cuenta en primera persona sus aventuras comenzando por su nacimiento, en
una aceña de las riberas del río Tormes. Condenando su padre como ladrón y, su
madre se entrega al mas vil morisco - cuya conducta deja también que desea –
haber pasado hambre y le entrega, siendo todavía un niño, a un ciego de alma ruin
para que, acompañándole, se gana la vida. Para aplacar el hambre, pues el ciego le
daba poco de comer, el muchacho le hace objeto, de repetidas tretas.

كثيرة هي المهن في بلاد الرافدين، وهذه ظهرت للحاجة لها، واسهمت هذه المهن في تطور المجتمع والمحافظة عليه، مثال ذلك مِهنة الحارس، والذي كان عنواناً لبحثنا هذا، مُحاولين في تسليط الضوء على هذه المِهنة وأنواعها واِنتشارها على مُجمل النشاطات في بلاد الرافدين وإسهاماتها في الحِفاظ على الأمن والاِستقرار سواء كان الاِجتماعي أو الاِقتصادي على اِختلافه التجاري البرِّي والبحري، وعلى الزراعة والصِّناعة، وعلى مفاصل أ

This study aimed to identify the perceived mental image of volunteering, and its relationship to volunteer motivation among a sample of Al-Quds Open University students, as well as to identify the differences in the perceived mental image of volunteering due to variables (gender, year of study, place of residence, college). The researcher has used relational descriptive approach. The researcher has used two questionnaires, the first was used to measure the perceptive mental image of volunteering, and the second to measure the motivation towards volunteering, and the study population may consist of all students of Al-Quds Open University Hebron Branch during the first semester of the academic year 2021/2020 and their number (3462)Male and

The present study aims at identifying the effect of organizational pressure with its aspects (management, work team, nature and conditions of work, external environment) on job performance in all its dimensions (commitment and effort made, capabilities and the rapidity of performance, motivation and job satisfaction, work environment) for the university teacher at the Faculty of Economics, Commercial and Management Sciences at the University of Djelfa, Algeria.

     In this research, the descriptive analytical approach is used. Data was collected through the distribution of a questionnaire to a sample that included 130 permanent teachers before being analyzed using the (SPSS) statisti

Background: Incorporation of chemical additives has long been a technique used to improve properties of the gypsum products. The purpose of this work was to study the effects of adding a combination of gum Arabic and calcium hydroxide to a type III dental stone and type IV improved die stone with different proportion. The effect on water/powder ratio, and surface hardness was determined. Material and method: Both material stone and die stone were blended with two proportion of additives so that each material was mixed twice but with different proportion of gum Arabic (0.1% and 0.2%) and calcium hydroxide (0.5 % and 0.3%). Data for hardness were subjected to two-way analysis of variance. Results: The results revealed that the chemical additi

The aim of the work is synthesis and characterization of bidentate ligand [dipotassium sodium7-((E)-2-(2-((Z)-1-carboxylatoethylideneamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2 (carboxylatemethoxyimino) acet amido)-8-oxo-3-vinyl-5- thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0] oct-2- ene-2- carboxylate] [Nak2L], from the reaction of cefixime with sodium pyruvet to produce the ligand [Nak2L], the reaction was carried out in methanol as a solvent under reflux. The prepared ligand [Nak2L] which was characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, 1H, 13C-NMR spectra, Mass spectra, (C.H.N) and melting point. The mixed ligand complexes were prepared from ligand [Nak2L] was used as a primary ligand while 8-hydroxy quinoline [Q] was used as a secondary ligand with metal ion M(Π).Where

The percentage of fatty acids, quantity of tocopherols, tocotrienols, carotens and physiochemical characteristics of crude red palm oil have been evaluated, in addition to specific chemical detection of active compounds unsaponifiable matters. Results of Gas Liquid Chromatography showed:- The major fatty acids in red palm oil is palmitic (44.36%) then oleic (39.65%), linolenic (10.55%), stearic (3.56%), myristic (1.22%), arachdonic (0.24%) and palmotic (0.19%). Red palm oil contains ? – ?- ?- ? – Tocopherols with concentration 258 , 121 , 259, 109 m/kg oil , ? – ?- ?- ? – Tocotrienol with concentration 462.77 , 571.03, 619.18, 509.07 m/kg oil respectively. Total tocopherols & tocotrienols 2909.05 m/kg oil and