This dissertation studies the application of equivalence theory developed by Mona Baker in translating Persian to Arabic. Among various translation methodologies, Mona Baker’s bottom-up equivalency approach is unique in several ways. Baker’s translation approach is a multistep process. It starts with studying the smallest linguistic unit, “the word”, and then evolves above the level of words leading to the translation of the entire text. Equivalence at the word level, i.e., word for word method, is the core point of Baker’s approach.

This study evaluates the use of Baker’s approach in translation from Persian to Arabic, mainly because finding the correct equivalence is a major challenge in this translation. Additionall

Many writers and scientists hardly differentiate between the two instruments of use
(If) and (if) to convergence in the meaning, as they perform the meaning of the penalty and condition, as the answer relates to his condition, but when linguistic meditation we find a great difference in use in terms of meaning, so this research came to reveal these meanings and was extrapolated applied in Surat al-Maidah By counting the verses in which (if) and (if) the cops were given and looking at their contexts, the connotation of the cops in most places was within the context of probability, which is the origin of its use, given in twenty places of Surat al-Ma'idah, and it had multiple connotations according to the contexts of the verses received

     The control function of important functions in the system of government for several reasons , perhaps the most important of the magnitude of spending and spending in one of the tools adopted in the implementation of the control function.                               

        Perhaps the most prominent stages of the development budget in terms of setup and use in the budget programs and performance , as specialized literature  show its importance in strengthening financial and operationl

Congenital distal vaginal obstruction is usually asymptomatic in a newborn female. On rare occasions, it may present as an acute emergency with life threatening complications.This paper is reporting the rare condition of two newborn females presenting urgently with abdominal distension and acute urinary retention as a result of congenital distal vaginal Obstruction. The case history and urgent management shall be presented and both conditions shall be discussed.

This research is an attempt to study aspects of syntactic deviation in AbdulWahhab Al-Bayyati with reference to English. It reviews this phenomenon from an extra-linguistic viewpoint. It adopts a functional approach depending on the stipulates of systemic Functional Grammar as developed by M.A.K. Halliday and others adopting this approach. Within related perspective, fairly’s taxonomy (1975) has been chosen to analyze the types of syntactic deviation because it has been found suitable and relevant to describe this phenomenon. The research hypothesizes that syntactic deviation is pervasive in Arabic poetry, in general and in Abdul-Wahhab Al-Bayyati Poetry in specific, and can be analyzed in the light of systemic Functional Grammar

     The hiding of information has become of great importance in recent times. With dissemination through the internet, and communication through satellites, information needs to be secure. Therefore, a new algorithm is proposed that enables secret messages to be embedded inside satellite images, wherein images of any size or format can be hidden, using a system’s image compression techniques. This operation is executed in three main steps: first phase – the original image is converted into a raster image; second phase– steganography, in which a binary secret message is hidden inside a raster image, using a 4×4 array as the secret key; and third phase– compre

Testing the sensitivity of periodontal pathogens requires the selection of an easier and more reliable method to be used with such anaerobic bacteria that need a long period of time for growth. Natural materials are a new era of antibacterial agents to control periodontal infections. The aims of the current study were to test the antibacterial activity of two natural agents, namely olibanum and alum, against three types of red complex periodontal pathogens and compare the application of agar diffusion and microdilution methods for testing the susceptibility. Gingival crevicular fluid from pockets with chronic infections was sampled as a source for the three types of bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia

Purpose This study was design to investigate of Purpose This study was design to investigate of P. aeruginosa, an example of Gram-negative bacteria, in seven primary and secondary schools of Baghdad city, and the effects of Ethanol and Dettol of P. aeruginosa biofilm. Design/methodology/approach Seventy swabs were collected from seven primary and secondary schools of Baghdad city, Iraq, during November -December 2022. Swabs were collected from classes desk, doors handles, students hands and water taps. Standard microbiological testing methods were used on the samples for isolation and identification. The ability of bacteria to form biofilm and the effects of Ethanol and Dettol on “preformed” biofilms was examined by microtiter plate wi

This paper is an attempt to clarify the impact of Postcolonialism, one of the most
challenging fields of study that has emerged in recent years, on representations of women in
once-colonised countries and in Western locations. It discusses the influence of cultural
differences on the status and identity of a woman who experience ‗multiculturalism‘. The
study is an analytical reading of a contemporary novel written by the Iraqi writer Betool Al-
Kudairi. The emphasis lies on the clash between two different cultures and traditions
represented by the British mother and the Iraqi father and its effect on the life and identity of
the protagonist. The main focus is on idea of ‗hybrid identity‘ and the absence of th

Historical scripts and Academic studies have bestrewed almost all the events of the movement of march 1941 . Yet the need was present to shine more light on important sides . These important sides were neglected due to some reasons among which came the absence of the historical material which can make a new historical detection. Then there were historical topics concerning our research which comes within context of sanitarily conditions , rarely seizes the attention of the researchers for many reasons some of them were not subjective.
The spread of Malaria among the British force was one of the sanitarily conditions that were related to the movement of march since their arrival to Basra city and its continuous spread after the second