The concept of clarity and readability of the written texts is an important goal in order to convey the communication idea to the receiver easily; the written texts have special significance because it is the most effective way to fulfill this idea as well as to achieve the aesthetic dimension of the written material, and clarity in the written texts is a prerequisite for reading, and readability is the speed of the optical reading of the written form, as the letters design plays a key role in facilitating the readability of the texts, and thus, it is necessitated to take care of these texts and studied them thoroughly in terms of shape for easy to read, and thus to understand the implications of the texts.
For that reason, the researchers have identified the problem of their research the following question?:
Are the clarity and readability fulfilled in the commercials designs
The importance of the current research is shown in enriching the cognitive side of the clarity and readability for those who involved in the design field in commercials as well as opening scientific horizons towards the development of ideas presented in commercials designs.
As for the objective of this research, it lies in the detection of the clarity and readability concept of the commercials designs.
The research limits of the commercials included the physical and objective limits as well as the spatial limits of Arab commercial ads and time limits in 2009, and that what was included in the first chapter.
The second chapter covers the theoretical scope which included (the concept of clarity, readability and the spatial organizing variables of the written texts and formal elements in the commercials).
The third chapter is devoted to the research procedure, where the researchers followed the descriptive content as a method to analyze the content for the purpose of monitoring the phenomena.
The unit of analysis is identified for the reason that it bears an integrated communication idea in which ideas can be elicited through the analysis and thus 24 units were formed as samples of the research community in which (3) samples have been selected using the non-probabilistic intentionality manner of the total community.
The researchers have reached in the fourth chapter to scientific findings and conclusions in which objectives set were achieved. These results include the following
1.The reading clarity in terms of implementation, use, alignment, spacing, and choosing of letters were not suitable due to the decrease in font size compared to the size of the advertisement in the advertising texts as in the sample (1)
2.The written texts are a design necessity because it is complementary to the images to interpret and explain them because the advertisement needs precision to be interpreted and to show its design idea content, as in the sample (1), (3)
3.The written texts are an influential factor in achieving clarity and readability and the ability to absorb the formal employment as in the sample (2)
4.Spacing between lines and char
acters in the written texts were not carefully considered which leads to lack of readability and clarity as in the samples (1), (3).
This study aimed to compare lysyl oxidase-1 level in diabetic patients with and without renal dysfunction, that LOX-1 may be an indicator for the early stage of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In addition to finding it is a relationship with kidney functions in Iraqi diabetic patients with and without renal dysfunction. Blood was obtained from 25 healthy individuals as a control group (G1), 25 diabetic patients with renal dysfunction, and 25 diabetic patients without renal dysfunction. Age range 40-60 years for all subjects. BMI (25-27) Kg/m2 . The serum was used for the analysis of LOX-1, FBG, urea, creatinine and uric acid. Whole blood is used for the determination of HbA1C. Results of FBG and HbA1C revealed a significant increase in G2 and G
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Subjects and methods: a total of sixty patients with genital warts were randomly selected, 30 in each group, in the Department of Dermatology, medical city for a Duration of 11 months from January 2009 to December 2009 treated with 35 % podophyllin in the tincture of benzoin or 50% TCA) .Forty-eight patients were followed up for three months.
Results: wart
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Iron slag is a byproduct generated in huge quantities from recycled remnants of iron and steel factories; therefore, the possibility of using this waste in the removal of benzaldehyde from contaminated water offers an excellent topic in sustainability field. Results reveal that the removal efficiency was equal to 85% for the interaction of slag and water contaminated with benzaldehyde at the best operational conditions of 0.3 g/100 mL, 6, 180 min, and 250 rpm for the sorbent dosage, initial pH, agitation time, and speed, respectively with 300 mg/L initial concentration. The maximum uptake capacity of iron slag was 118.25 mg/g which was calculated by the Langmuir model. Physical sorption may be the major mechanism for the removal of
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Background: Recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) is an inflammatory condition of unknown etiology characterized by painful recurrent (single or multiple) ulcerations of the oral mucosa. It is one of the most common and poorly understood mucosal disorders. It occurs more frequently in times of stress. Local and systemic conditions, genetic, immunologic, microbial factors, and oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of RAU. The objective of this study was to evaluate the free radical metabolism and antioxidant activity of RAU patients treated by lavender or flax oil paint.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-six RAU patients were enroll
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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of environmental management accounting information (EMAI) on the design process of environmental and sustainable products of Iraqi industrial companies. This process has five different sub-processes: research process, analysis process, conceptual design process, detailed design process and design production process. The study uses the quantitative approach as the questionnaire was designed and distributed to 87 quality managers, production managers, design managers and financial managers. The MANOVA analysis shows that EMAI has a positive and significant effect on three of these processes, namely research process, analysis process and detailed design process, while EMAI has an insi
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