As a result of the increase in wireless applications, this led to a spectrum problem, which was often a significant restriction. However, a wide bandwidth (more than two-thirds of the available) remains wasted due to inappropriate usage. As a consequence, the quality of the service of the system was impacted. This problem was resolved by using cognitive radio that provides opportunistic sharing or utilization of the spectrum. This paper analyzes the performance of the cognitive radio spectrum sensing algorithm for the energy detector, which implemented by using a MATLAB Mfile version (2018b). The signal to noise ratio SNR vs. Pd probability of detection for OFDM and SNR vs. BER with CP cyclic prefix with energy dete

The research Was based to on a real problem and realistically of represented by that  Iraqi Airways company does not have the electronic cost accounting system and therefore  be the process of  the pricing various services provided by a company sample research respecting  air transport and air cargo and aviation fuel and services and catering are not properly especially in the presence of new data from the new companies entering competition in Iraqi aviation industry and therefore does not provide price flexibility in order to compete in getting market share, And then research this problem addressed through design an electronic cost Accounting system covers all the costs incurred by the compan

Applications of nonlinear, time variant, and variable parameters represent a big challenge in a conventional control systems, the control strategy of the fuzzy systems may be represents a simple, a robust and an intelligent solution for such applications.

This paper presents a design of fuzzy control system that consists of three sub controllers; a fuzzy temperature controller (FC_T), a fuzzy humidity controller (FC_H) and a ventilation control system; to control the complicate environment of the greenhouse (GH) using a proposed multi-choice control system approach. However, to reduce the cost of the crop production in the GH, the first choice is using the ventilation system to control the temperature and humidit

The MTS-88. c trainer is a training system targeting students in the microprocessors course. It has a built in single-line assembler allowing the users to enter programs in assembly. It has the problem that long programs cannot be traced and tested efficiently. A simple error may cause all the code to be erased and the system to stop responding. Also, this system lacks the ability to be connected to the PC. The aim of this work is to modify the system to make it possible to be connected to the PC through the parallel port. This gives the capability to download long programs to the system after being developed in the PC. The 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface available in the teaching system is interfaced to the parallel port and used as

The city of Baghdad have several large Meanders river the most important and distinctive meander is Jadiriyah meander. the nature and direction of creep river Tigris River in Baghdad Was to determine over the last century by matching maps of ancient and modern, note the increased inflections intensity and slowly in the first half of the last century because of the impact of repeated high discharge and get the process of erosion in the concave side and the process of sedimentation in the convex side . After the middle of the last century high discharges decrease due to the construction of dams and reservoirs and hence the lower activity of the river and stopped the river and meandering process confined within the borders of the river

This study aimed to identify the levels of management training in academic leaders in Jordanian universities in the north of the region and their point of view, and that by answering the following questions: 1. What levels of management training estimated by academic leaders in Jordanian universities in the territory of the North?
arithmetical averages of estimates leaders academics in the territory north of the levels of management training is due to the variables of sex, job title, and the university, the type of university, academic rank, experience, and the number of courses administrative related training , and the state that got them on the last qualification? 3. What are the obstacles faced by academic leaders in the train

Talking about Turkey joining the European Union does not mean a few conditions implemented by Turkey Vtostagib Europe torequest or do not respond, it is a further and much deeper than that, The issue is of historic proportions, cultural, and political develop a European identity itself to the test, and determine the future of the continent and the entire region for generations to come, and has repercussions economic, social and cultural scene to lend further complexity, some of what is important and beneficial to both parties, some of which deepens the fears of both. Here we can point out the fear of invasion of Islam to Europe, which is a real fear belong to the type of phobia disease produced by the categories of right-wing Christian a

The principle of total quality not the result of the modern era, but has its roots entrenched in the foot, the king announced the Babylonian (Hammurabi) before five thousand years: The person who builds a house fall to the occupants, Fiktlhm; the sentence penalty, from here, established Babylonian civilization oldest concerns quality and perfection in the work, although the roots of quality stretch in the ancient Pharaonic civilization represented by the pyramids and temples, and in the Chinese civilization in the Great Wall of China. The concept of quality is present in all the teachings of Islam Bamadaminh all, which represents the value of an Islamic urged the Qur'an to the total quality in all the work which is supposed to be perform