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The Turn-Taking System in American Presidential Debates
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The organization and coordination of any communication is based on the system of turn-taking which refers to the process by which a participant in a conversation takes the role of speaker. The progression of any conversation is achieved by the change of roles between speaker and hearer which, in its turn, represents the heart of the turn-taking system. The turn-taking system is not a random process but it is a highly organized process governed by a set of rules. Thus, this system has certain features and rules which exist in any English communicative process. These rules, if applied by speakers, help to achieve successful exchange of turns in any conversation. This paper attempts to present full exposition of the concepts of conversation, conversation analysis and institutional talk. This is the subject-matter of section one. In the second section, a comprehensive theoretical background of turn-taking system has been presented. The paper mainly aims at making detailed analysis of the Turn-taking system in the American Presidential Debates. The analysis is done in the third section by investigating and examining the corpus which consists of three American Presidential Debates chosen randomly. These debates are: 1. Republican presidential candidate debate in Simi Valley, California January 30, 2008. 2. Republican presidential candidate debate in Washington, DC November 22, 2011. 3. Republican presidential candidate debate in Des Moines December 10, 2011. The three debates have been downloaded from the internet from the website http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/debates.php. In each debate, there are a number of presidential candidates who have different political orientations. The analysis is presented through certain points supported by statistics and examples which are in the form of quoted extracts chosen from the three debates analyzed. Section four is devoted for presenting the conclusions arrived at throughout conducting the analysis of the three debates.

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Topics of Iraq in the Arab International Press
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The research entitled "the Iraqi Topics in International Arab Press" is an analytical study of two newspapers: Al-Arab and Al-Hayat published in London from September 1-30, 2013.

      The Arab press is one of the cultural monuments Home stretches for culture and media of Arabs outside the Arab Homeland which made them international press targeting public Arab audience's not civil audiences in a particular country and formulating their contents on this basis taking into account intake affairs and issues that have been national or international.

        Because of this international presence of the Arab press, these newspa

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Role of Sports Marketing in Customer Value
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Sports marketing is one of the most important areas to attract capital and the most important economic activities at the present time and the sports field is one of the most important areas that can be used in marketing products and services and the need for sports marketing in Iraq is shown to increase the benefits and returns of sports clubs due to a lack of material resource and weakness In the available capabilities presented to it. The research problem was the lack of sufficient knowledge of the role of sports marketing in the value of the customer by members of the administrative body of Iraqi sports clubs. The research aims to know the role of sports marketing in the value of the customer in the Iraqi Premier League clubs.

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The economic policy trends in Iraq beyond 2003
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Gaining economic policy of exceptional importance in severe unilateral Iraqi economy such as the economy, as oil revenues constitute the center of gravity in the internal and external balances, Economic policy have seen in Iraq beyond 2003 in absentia economic strategic vision and failure in the application of policies to achieve economic development, as there was a disconnect and lack of integration and coordination between macro policies of monetary policy and fiscal policy, especially as if they were floating two policies are not linked by a link

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Review about the Applications of Nanoparticles in Batteries
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Nanoparticles are defined as an organic or non-organic structure of matter in at least one of its dimensions less than 100 nm. Nanoparticles proved their effectiveness in different fields because of their unique physicochemical properties. Using nanoparticles in the power field contributes to cleaning and decreasing environmental pollution, which means it is an environmentally friendly material. It could be used in many different parts of batteries, including an anode, cathode, and electrolyte. This study reviews different types of nanoparticles used in Lithium-ion batteries by collecting the advanced techniques for applying nanotechnology in batteries. In addition, this review presents an idea about the advantages and d

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 14 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Cognitive Balance of Students in the Kindergarten department
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Abstract

Balance is a psychological need and a requirement of importance as the individual seeks to maintain it.  The research problem is summarized in the question: do students in the kindergarten department have a cognitive balance? The research aims to identify the cognitive balance of students in the kindergarten department and to identify if there are differences among students of the four stages according to the cognitive balance. The research community was limited to the students in the kindergarten department at the University of Baghdad / College of Education for Women and Al-Mustansiriya University / College of Basic Education and Iraqi University / College of Education for Women for the academic y

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 09 2025
Journal Name
Online Journal Of Art And Design
Effectiveness of Typographical Elements in Attracting the Recipient
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The typographical elements work significantly in engaging a recipient and attracting his attention to the idea and content of the printed work with all its types and goals for which<br /> it is designed. This is because of the fact that the typographical elements have tremendous expression capabilities that reflect the content of the artistic work in a simple way without any complexities. These elements have a special effect in achieving a clear, readable design, besides their effective contribution to the reception and understanding of the designs by the recipient. Accordingly, the designs of the electronic advertisement poster with their promoting goals of its products are considered among the graphic achieveme

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 15 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Basic Education
The impact of cross-training in the development of the skills of the crushing blow and the blow-to-blow stroke under the age of 17
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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of the legal rules to the reduction of public office Crimes(Search in the Office of the Inspector General of the Ministry of Environment)
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Abstract

The goal of the research is to diagnose some of the negative phenomena which was discovered through the period from (2010 to 2014) as determined by the national strategy to eliminate the corruption which was set out by the joint council of  the corruption elimination in Iraq. And to measure the gap in applying the legal rules by the administration, concerning the misconducts and felonies upon the state employments made by the state employee and how far they are applied in the studied sample and to show the nature of the rules and their importance and their role when they are applied in scientific and expertise manner. And to encourage the offices of the general supervisors to adhere to them which will lead t

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 14 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The impact of implementing the integrated education strategy on the academic achievement of the Arabic language curriculum for the seventh grade in the schools of Amman
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The study aims to identify the impact of the implementation of the integrated education strategy in the curriculum of the Arabic language for the seventh grade on the academic achievement in the schools of the capital Amman. The researcher adopted the experimental method, where two divisions of the seventh grade students were chosen from the secondary school for girls. The sample of the study was 60 students divided into two equal groups: 30 students represented the experimental group (A) and (30) students represented the control group. To collect the needed data, a test of (40) Multiple Choices was used. The results showed statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group who were taught acc

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparison of the performance of some r- (k,d) class estimators with the (PCTP) estimator that used in estimating the general linear regression model in the presence of autocorrelation and multicollinearity problems at the same time "
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In the analysis of multiple linear regression, the problem of multicollinearity and auto-correlation drew the attention of many researchers, and given the appearance of these two problems together and their bad effect on the estimation, some of the researchers found new methods to address these two problems together at the same time. In this research a comparison for the performance of the Principal Components Two Parameter estimator (PCTP) and The (r-k) class estimator and the r-(k,d) class estimator by conducting a simulation study and through the results and under the mean square error (MSE) criterion to find the best way to address the two problems together. The results showed that the r-(k,d) class estimator is the best esti

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