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Discourse Markers in Political Speeches: Forms and Functions

Discourse markers are expressions used to connect sentences to what comes before or after and indicate a speaker's attitude to what he is saying.As linguistic items, they have important functions in discourses of various styles or registers. And being connective elements, discourse markers relate sentences, clauses and paragraphs to each other. "One of the most prominent function of discourse markers, however, is to signal the kinds of relations a speaker perceives between different parts of the discourse". (Lenk 1997: 2) Through political discourse, different types of discourse markers are used. This paper deals with the importance and functions of discourse markers and tries to shed light on the kinds of discourse markers used in political speech through analyzing the speech of the American president, Barack Obama, depending on Hyland and Tse’s (2004) classification of discourse markers; interpersonal and textual markers. The results show that these discourse markers function as means ofsocial interaction aimed at influencing the nation.

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 09 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
اﻷدب اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﺑﻐدادي ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘرن اﻟﺗﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺷر )دراﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ(

Literature historians and researchers almost agree that literature is a product of the environment and it is the product of interaction of events and it affected by the direction of that environment and then the literature affects the its environment and the modern science confirms this fact until make the environment competes hereditary factor in its effect because that each environment has its characteristics which affect the literature and leaves its effect on it and even when a writer exaggerate in its monopolize and tyranny of selfin its literature, he cannot be away from affection by including around of literature because the literature is the mirror that reflects aspects of the environment. In other words, literature is expression

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
اﺛﺮ اﻟﺘﻌﺰﯾﺰ اﻻﯾﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺬب اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه اﻟﺒﺼﺮي ﻷطﻔﺎل اﻟﺮﯾﺎض

There are many teacher and parents suffer from reduce the ability of attention to the children, so the attention not settle on nothing not only to minute for time, so the research aim to following: 
1-Is the using the positive reinforcement lunch in take attention of kindergarten visual? 2-1-Is the using the positive reinforcement article in take attention of kindergarten visual? 3-1-Is the using the positive reinforcement symbol in take attention of kindergarten visual? 4-1-Is the using the positive reinforcement action in take attention of kindergarten visual? 5-Is the using the positive reinforcement socialization in take attention of kindergarten visual? 6-what the most percentage obtain of the six factors of take attention?

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
اﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ اﻟﺠﯿﻮﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔواﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻧﮭﺮ دﺟﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﺑﻐﺪاد

Change the properties of the river hydrological and geomorphological during his career from its source to its mouth depending on the variables may be quick effect and short-term, addressed the study put the Tigris River geomorphological and hydrological and environmental in the city of Baghdad and found that most of the manifestations geomorphological indicate that the river enters the aging in the area were not so previously evidence suggests hydrological and environmental river that entered this stage long ago may be an extraordinary period. He found that the cross sections and locations of erosion and sedimentation size and type of flow patterns may change with moderate values to patterns with relatively abnormal values for the river.

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔووﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﻌﮭﺎ )دراﺳﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ(

This research endeavors to clarify the relationship between the general policies of the country and Civil Organizations (Cos). This requires that we first identify the concepts of making polices on the one hand, and of COs on the other hand. Initially, polices starts as personal ideas that are, later, turned by some groups of people into suggestions. When the governments adopt these suggestions, they become state policies as shown by the following: Idea ----------> Suggestion--------> Policy. COs are groups of free voluntary organizations acting to bridge the gap between the state and the public, and to respond to the latter's demands. The organizations includes, among others, trade unions and professional associations. In oth

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Space-Charge Effect on the Theoretical Design of Enzil Lens

The presentwork is a theoretical study in the field of charged particle optics. It concentrates on the design of electrostatic enzil lens for focusing charge particles beams, using inverse method in designingthe electrostatic lens. The paraxial ray equation was solved to obtain the trajectory of the particles, the optical properties such as the focal length and spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients were determined. The shape of the electrode of the electrostatic lens were determined by solving poison equation and the results showed low values of spherical and chromatic aberrations, which are considered as good criteria for good design.

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 09 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
اﻹﻣﻛﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻣﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺗﺎﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ أودﯾﺔ اﻟﮭﺿﺑﺔ اﻟﻐرﺑﯾﺔ )ﺣﺻﺎد اﻟﻣﯾﺎه(

Developed the study idea to harvest torrential rains from the plateau of Western style economic cost little help to get the amount of water may exceed 2 billion m 3 per year (depending on the amount of rainfall in that year) has been exploited for agricultural projects or add water to the lakes and rivers. Adopted at the product issued by the oil company, the center (Daura Filtered) reduces the ability of soil to absorb and filter rain water to as much as possible and raise the proportion of surface runoff in addition to this that the product environment-friendly fades and evaporates within 3 years and recognized him in the states was used Successfully.

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Female Characters In The Pre-Raphaelite Novel: M.E. Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret (An Extracted Research of Master Degree Letter)

Victorian age is known as a time of perpetual change. It is a time of new industrialization, increased urbanization and new technology. Therefore, one of the strongest undercurrents of this is the position of women. Woman at that time was viewed as “an angel in the house” especially this who belongs to the upper-middle class. She is described in such term because she spends much time in her domestic domain. Therefore, she should be passive, obedient and dependent. Despite the Victorian society contains several classes; women are defined under two labels: the angel and the demon or the whore. The angel woman can be any woman from the lower middle class to the aristocracy, while the whore refers to any working class woman. The differen

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 04 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Immunohistochemical expression of ICAM-1 and Cortactin as cell adhesive molecule and invasive markers in Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the head and neck region (A comparative study)

Background: Lymphomas are a group of diseases caused by malignant lymphocytes that accumulate in lymph nodes and cause the characteristic clinical features of lymphadenopathy. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (CD54) is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily of adhesion molecules. Cortactin was first identified as one of the major substrates for src kinase. because it localized to Cortical actin structures, The aims of this study was to evaluate and compare the immunohistochemical of ICAM-1 expression as cell adhesion molecule marker and Cortactin expression as invasive marker. Material and Methods: This study was performed on (68) formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks, histopathologically diagn

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Translation Techniques In Reproducing The Semantics Of Russian Political Terms: Переводческие Приемы В Воспроизведении Семантики Русскоязычных Политических Терминов

 Political terminology differs from any other type of terminology not only in the presence of political terminology, but also in content, structure, functions and the recipient who perceives it. Taking this into account, it is inappropriate to consider the semantic difficulties of translating Russian-language political terms solely at the semantic level. In our opinion, it is inextricably linked with the lexical, syntactic and grammatical levels. If we combine all 4 levels, then the following translation techniques can be distinguished: lexical borrowing (transcription / transliteration, tracing); modulation; generalization / concretization; omission / addition; descriptive translation; conversion [Komissarov 2013]. One of the most

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 20 2019
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The role of a teacher of Islamic education In explaining the concepts of political freedom Educational guidance study

The political struggle being waged by Muslims today is one of the most important issues that have preoccupied the Arab and international media, and the failures that have afflicted Muslims in our contemporary world have negatively affected the younger generations and led them, and with the influence of anti-Islam media, to rely on accusing Islam as a religion with all the negative in Islamic and Arab society . So secularism took its role in spreading these concepts by deviating from its course from the concept of science to the concept of (the religion).
    From here the calls for reform rose to return the Muslims to the incubator of Islam, so people turned around them, but they turned into competing Islamic polit

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