The research deals with the Presidents of the Christians who called themselves (Ghaltka) in the book titled (orient chirsy patriarchs) that talked about their scientific practical biography adding to) that their completeness on the position of Ghaltka with its decrees and caliphs who were contemporaries to them ,as well as their places, deaths, cemeteries and their accomplishments In accordance with the powers granted to them and also it mentions the situation of The Abbasid caliphate with them and with the sons of their sect .

مشكلة البحث :-

     ظلت رغبة الانسان في المعرفة وفهم الكون الذي يعيش فيه ، ملازمة له منذ المراحل الاولى لتطور البشرية ، فالانسان بما يتمتع به من امكانات وقدرات وطاقات كامنة استطاع عن طريق تفاعله واحتكاكه الدائم والمستمر والخلاق مع البيئة المحيطة به ان يلاحظ ، ويتخيل ويتذكر ويفكر ويخطط ويبتكر ، مستفيداً من اخطائه في التعرف عليها ، وفي زيادة قدرته على التحكم فيها وتحسينها وتطويره

The reaction oisolated and characterized by elemental analysis (C,H,N) , 1H-NMR, mass spectra and Fourier transform (Ft-IR). The reaction of the (L-AZD) with: [VO(II), Cr(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II)], has been investigated and was isolated as tri nuclear cluster and characterized by: Ft-IR, U. v- Visible, electrical conductivity, magnetic susceptibilities at 25 Co, atomic absorption and molar ratio. Spectroscopic evidence showed that the binding of metal ions were through azide and carbonyl moieties resulting in a six- coordinating metal ions in [Cr (III), Mn (II), Co (II) and Ni (II)]. The Vo (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II) were coordinated through azide group only forming square pyramidal

The preparation and spectral characterization of complexes for Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Hg(II) ions with new organic heterocyclic azo imidazole dye as ligand 2-[(2`-cyano phenyl) azo ]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole ) (2-CyBAI) were prepared by reacting a dizonium salt solution of 2-cyano aniline with 4,5-diphenyl imidazole in alkaline ethanolic solution .These complexes were characterized spectroscopically by infrared and electronic spectra along with elemental analysis‚ molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The data show that the ligand behaves a bidantate and coordinates to the metal ion via nitrogen atom of azo and with imidazole N3 atom. Octahedral environment is suggested for all metal complex

- مشكلة البحث

تشغل مادة طرائق التدريس مكانة متميزة في عملية التعليم والتعلم لما لها من دور كبير وفاعل في إيصال المادة العلمية إلى الطالب بنجاح .

وقد عزى بعض الباحثين التأخر الذي رافق طرائق تدريس التربية الإسلامية إلى ضعف إعداد المدرسين وتأهيلهم التربوي ولا سيما أن عدد غير قليل منهم من كليات غير تربوية فهم خريجو كليات العلوم الإسلامية والجامعة الإسلامية والإدارة والاقتصاد

    The Dictionary of Countries by Yaqut al-Hamawi is one of the most important sources that researchers rely on in everything related to geography in knowing the names of places and countries, and the important historical information it contains about different cities and countries

Parmi les oeuvres d'Albert Camus, qui s'éloignent un peu de sa
tendance générale qui traite les thèmes de l'absurde ,du néant et de la
question de la mort , on trouve son recueil "l'Exil et le Royaume" 1957
qui contient six nouvelles qui sont d'une invention moins épouvantable
(le Renégat , la Femme adultère , les Muets , le Pierre qui pousse , l'Hôte
et Jonas). Ces nouvelles , à l'exception du "Renégat" , ne provoquent pas
les questions philosophiques et dialectiques qui dominent la plupart des
oeuvres d'Albert Camus , Mais ces nouvelles traitent tout simplement la
question d'homme exilé dans son existence et sa recherche perpétuelle
de son royaume.