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الحیوانات والطیور والحشرات والزواحف في كتاب الفندیداد (احد كتب الافستا الزردشتیة)
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The book of Alphendidad is considered as an important part of the holy book of
Avesta in the Zoroastrian religion. It is a religious and urbanization book that consists of a
number of chapters dealing with the creation. The book includes 22 chapters, mostly edited
as a dialogue between Ahuaramzda the god of goodness and his prophet Zoroaster. The
biggest chapter deals with the rules of purification of vices of the devil and dismissing it of
the places around, hence it is the book of law of Zoroastrian about the important animals,
birds , insects, and reptiles and their categorization according to their creation; creatures of
the spirit of goodness and creatures of the spirit of evilness.
Some of these creatures are included for their influence upon the life, nature, and
other creatures, in addition to their influence upon the religious life. This is the focus of the
current study that sheds light on the identity of these creatures and their effect on the
mentality and the Zoroastrian belief.
1. The Alphendidad is considered as the important idiosyncratic legislative part in the
book of Avesta, in which there is a lot of the legislations and laws that rule the
individual and social life and the consequences of the deeds of man as a reward
and punishment.
2. The study tries to concentrate on a specific part of the book of Alphendidad and
study it. It surveys the most important creatures in the book, especially animals,
birds, insects, and reptiles – according the Zoroastrian belief -. The Zoroaster
divides theses creatures into two types according to the creation and impotence.
The blessed creatures of goodness that created by the god of goodness,
Ahoramzda; and cursed creatures of evilness created by the god of evilness,
Ahrimn.

3. The ideas, points of views, rituals, and worships included in the book of
Alphendidad disagree with the common sense and any logical thinking. This is a
defect against the Zoroastrian belief and thinking. The legend and myth is the only
means by which events are explained especially the creation and the view of the
world that is ruled by these two forces; the force of goodness and its creatures and
the force of evilness and its creatures.
4. The human mind tends more to believe in myth and legend to explain mysterious
phenomena. Along history, Persians tend to weave legendry events in literature
resulting from their worshiping of natural phenomena that are difficult to be
explained in another way. They have found that the clear blue sky, light, fire, air,
and water are divine and good creatures. They have even called the sun and the eye
of god and light as the son of god. And darkness, drought, and sickness are divine,
cursed, and evil creatures.
5. The creation is focused on the good creatures especially livestock, small and big
animals, dogs, and birds as the creatures of goodness. the study concentrates also
on how to work on protectin and mentaining these creatures as the means of
victory for the god of light, Ahoramzada against the cursed creatures of evilness.
Therefore, Zoroaster imposes on his followers that they should sanctify these
creatures and never harm them or killing them with no right.
6. The Ancient Persian thinking has missed the fact that this world and its creatures
are the creation of one sole God. The question that raises here is weather the
Zoroastrian religion is a multiple-god or standard religion. Researches disagree to
answer this question. Some of them see the world with its two forces of goodness
and evilness are but two conflicting forces of the same God, and others believe that
Zoroaster is standard theologically and philosophically he is a multiple-god
religion.
7. The categorization of the animals, birds, insects, and reptiles into two types
according to the Zoroastrian belief is an evidence of ignorance and lack of
awareness. All creatures are the creation of the One sole God. The Zoroastrian has
divided these creatures into two types according to their features, work and their
effect on nature among other useful or harmful creatures. The religion imposes the mythical and legendary view picturing these creatures as animals, birds, insects
according to their importance.
8. The Zoroastrian religion exaggerates the importance of these creatures. It sanctify
and blessed the useful creatures and its remnants, as it considered the cow as a
very important creature by Ahoramzda. Its importance lies in the fact that the cow
is the source of their food, a means of cultivating their lands. Cow is considered as
the capital of the farming communities, and since the Parisian is an old agrarian
society, the cow and ox are important supplements. Yet there is a great deal of
exaggeration in dealing with the cow to an illogical extent of considering its urine
as a sacred thing for purification of sins instead of holy water, which a thing that
goes against proper and common test.
9. The study signifies a group of animals described by Zoroaster as creatures of
goodness as they have good and useful features according to the god of goodness,
Ahoramzda. These animals are: Cow, Awl, fox, ox, camel, donkey, sheep, horse,
bird, dog, goat, and eagle).
10. The study also identifies a group of creatures that are considered as harmful –
according to Zoroastrain religion – that affects the good creatures and affects the
nature and spoil it. Zoroaster has allowed the destruction and killing these
creatures and its harm to support the force of goodness over evilness. It also
considered the destruction of these creature as part of the important religious
rituals of the Zoroastrian belief to purgation of sins and evils and to get nearer to
the god of goodness Ahoramzda. These creatures are: rats, locusts, snakes, flies,
wolves, turtles, frogs, spiders, scorpions, lice, ants).

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of monetary policy tools in stimulating local investments in Algeria
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Abstract

The various countries seek to encourage their local investments through the various policies they follow. The most important of these is the monetary policy, which is a means and procedures taken by the monetary authority to control the supply of money and maintain its stability of its financial impact on economic activity.
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Investment in Human Resources According to the Requirements of Work Markets in Iraq
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Publication Date
Wed Nov 14 2018
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
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Publication Date
Mon Nov 26 2018
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
الموظفون العثمانيون في ايالة الجزائر (دراسة في أوضاعهم الاجتماعية والاقتصادية)
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Publication Date
Sat Sep 01 2012
Journal Name
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The UNEMPLOYED ENER IS IN IRAQI TRANS FORMATIONAL INDUSTRIES FOR YEARS ( 2000 – 2010 )
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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
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Rabi’a played an important part in the conquer of the east. This tribe had
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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Soil Effect on Subsidence in Area of Al- Karkh District A Geomorphologic Study
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Publication Date
Wed Dec 31 2014
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Energy Saving of Heat Gain by Using Buried Pipe Inside a Roof
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Abstract

    This work deals with a numerical investigation to evaluate the utilization of a water pipe buried inside a roof to reduce the heat gain and minimize the transmission of heat energy inside the conditioning space in summer season.     The numerical results of this paper showed that the reduction in heat gain and energy saving could be occurred with specific values of parameters, like the number of pipes per square meter, the ratio of pipe diameter to the roof thickness, and the pipe inlet water temperature. Comparing with a normal roof (without pipes), the results indicated a significant reduction in energy heat gain which is about 37.8% when the number of pipes per m

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The history of political conflicts in Zimbabwe: The history of political conflicts in Zimbabwe
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This research shows the history of political conflicts in Zimbabwe, the
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process against the wide white deprive local people to own and lease land
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Publication Date
Sun Apr 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The use of water resources in light of the challenges of water security in Iraq
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Iraq suffers from lack of water resources supply because the headwaters of the rivers located outside its borders and the influence of upstream countries on the quantities of flowing water, in addition to the increase of pressure on available water as a result of population increase and not adopting the principle of rationalization where misuse and wastage and lack of strategic vision to treat and manage water use in accordance with the economic implications fall.  This is reflected fallout on water security and subsequently on national and food security, while the issue of using water resources is development top priority in different countries in the world because of the importance of water effect on the security of indivi

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