The exchange rate is of great importance at the global and local levels alike, as this importance increases with the increasing rates of development of economic relations between countries of the world due to openness and integration into the global economy, expressed by the expansion of the volume of trade and financial relations between countries. The Central Bank of Iraq has set the need to stabilize this price as a goal to reduce inflation rates and reduce them to the internationally accepted rates by using the foreign currency sale window to achieve a balance between the forces of supply and demand for foreign currency and to preserve the value of the Iraqi dinar. The research concluded that the central bank was It has a maj

     This study aims to evaluate the performance of emergency departments according to international standards through studying the performance in some of Iraqi public hospitals, where the evaluation performance is considered one of the important topics that take a great deal of officials' attention, especially decision makers in health organizations.

      The researcher has derived the research idea from the importance of work in emergency department in hospitals and to what it provides of medical services and quick and immediate nursing care that help in patients' lifesaving, and it is the mirror that reflects the real image for the hospital

• Identifying the visual culture skills of students of the College of Education for Pure Sciences / Ibn Al-Haytham.
• Identifying the statistically significant differences in the visual culture skills of students of the College of Education for Pure Sciences / Ibn Al-Haytham according to the gender variable.

And the descriptive approach was used, due to its relevance to the nature of the research objective.

To verify this, the visual culture skills test consisted of (22) items of the multiple choice type, where the (Koder Richardson 20) equation was applied to calculate the stability of the visual culture skills test. For the skill of writing

        Corruption is a phenomenon that exists in all times and places, they appear in the developing countries and in developed countries, and in all political systems. And its repercussions and economic repercussions on the society in which it is rampant, and lead to the undermining of economic development and obstruction, is also working on increasing poverty and unemployment, as well as its role in the worsening of social problems, and political instability. And corruption is deviant behavior is illegal and contrary to the teachings of the religious and moral values. The emergence of this phenomenon is due to several reasons, including political, economic, social and cultura

Language Teaching & Leaning Problems at the Iraqi university level: Image & Reality

The Banking Supervision of the most important functions of the Central Bank of Iraq, which he intended to have a strong banking system and a sound and competitive, and exercised control over the banks by inspection bodies to ensure their compliance with the laws, regulations and orders and instructions and the safety of their financial positions.

The research was aimed to release the concept of banking inspection, compliance and problems and obstacles faced by the inspectors, and monitors compliance and down to make recommendations.

Has been reached on a set of theoretical and practical conclusions, including: -

1-confirmed the statistical analysis of the answers to the research sample the importance of the role o

The research seeks to identify the dimensions of creative thinking and its impact on the re-engineering of hotel service operations by analyzing the correlation and impact between research variables as well as comparing the research sample The importance of the research comes from the need to motivate managers the importance of creative thinking among workers in the researched hotels because it is an essential part in the re-engineering of hotel services. To achieve this a questionnaire was designed containing (33) items that include the independent research variables (creative thinking) and the accredited (re-engineering the hotel service) and distributed to a sample of (50) individuals represented by (Commissioner Director, Dep

The optical absorption data of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon was analyzed using a Dunstan model of optical absorption in amorphous semiconductors. This model introduces disorder into the band-band absorption through a linear exponential distribution of local energy gaps, and it accounts for both the Urbach and Tauc regions of the optical absorption edge.Compared to other models of similar bases, such as the O’Leary and Guerra models, it is simpler to understand mathematically and has a physical meaning. The optical absorption data of Jackson et al and Maurer et al were successfully interpreted using Dunstan’s model. Useful physical parameters are extracted especially the band to the band energy gap , which is the energy gap in the a

Background: The final stage of endodontic therapy is complete obturation of the root canal system to provide as perfect as possible at the cementodentinal junction of the apical foramen. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the sealing ability of injection molded thermoplasticized gutta percha and lateral condensation techniques with and without the use of sealers. Materials and Methods: Forty freshly extracted adult human maxillary central incisors with complete formed apices were utilized in this study. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups for evaluation of the apical seal. Group (1) lateral condensation gutta percha technique without sealer, (2) lateral condensation gutta percha technique with sealer, (3) Inject

Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effect of preheating microleakage among three different filler size composites which include Filtek^tm Z250 micro hybrid, Z250^xt Nano hybrid and nanocomposite Z350^xt.  in Class II cavity preparation .

Materials and methods: sixty maxillary first premolars were prepared with class II cavities. Samples were divided into three groups according to material used    group A (FiltekZ250 micro hybrid). Group B(Z250^xt Nano hybrid). Group C (nanocomposite Z350^xt)and each group divided into two subgroups of ten teeth according to temperature of  composite: