Soil is considered one of the main factors of subsidence phenomena which
became continually happen in Baghdad (Ghazalia, Ameria, and Hay al-Amyl)
causing bad effects as shortage of drinking water, traffic jam and formation
swamps.
This thesis depends on soil study to a depth 15 meters, due to its
importance in subsidence. This done through specifying its chemical physical
properties.
Soil within Iraq climate, in case of water stopping for any reason it contract
and shrink away especially when it exposed to high pressure these factors
finally caused subsidence. In case of leakage underground water or that of
damaged water pipes this will contribute to chemical reactions which damage soil
structure and increasing solidity and liquidity of higher layers and sand washing
of lower areas of soil.
In case of stopping this leakage and dryness in the hot area will lead to
contract and shrink away the liquid soil and subsidence the upper layers. The
study reached that soil is a main factor behind this phenomenon.
This paper presents a vibration suppression control design of cantilever beam using two piezoelectric patches. One patch was used as an actuator element, while the other was used as a sensor. The controller design was designed via the balance realization reduction method to elect the reduced order model that is most controllable and observable. the sliding mode observer was designed to estimate six states from the reduced order model but three states are only used in the control law. Estimating a number of states larger than that used is in order to increase the estimation accuracy. Moreover, the state estimation error is proved bounded. An optimal LQR controller is designed then using the estimated states with the slid
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Small ring heterocycles containing nitrogen and sulfur have been under investigation for a long time because of their important medicinal properties. Among the wide range of heterocycles explored to develop pharmaceutically important molecules, thiadiazoles had played an important role in medicinal chemistry. A survey of literature had shown that compounds having thiadiazole nucleus possess a broad range of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory (1), antibacterial (2), and antifungal activities (3). Thiazine-4-one and their derivatives are import classes of compounds in organic and medicinal chemistry. The thiazine-4-one ring system is a core structure in various synthetic pharmaceutical agents, displaying a broad spectrum of biolo
... Show More4-methylaniline and its Schiff base derivative were intercalated into the Bentonite clay interlayers in a solid state reaction followed by a condensation reaction to produce two organo-clay composites. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the changes in basal spacing of montmorillonite layers which exhibited noticeable alteration before and after the formation of the composites. FT-IR spectra, on the other hand, were utilized for identifying the structural compositions of the prepared materials as well as the formation of the intercalated Schiff base derivative. The surface morphology of the composites was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM and Atomic Force Microscope AFM, which reflected some differences in the surface of prepa
... Show MoreThe synthesis and characterisation of new macrocyclic binuclear metal(II) complexes derived from dithiocarbamate (DTC) ligand are reported. The reaction of a bis-secondary amine, CS2 and KOH resulted in the formation of the free ligand. Two approaches were implemented to synthesis the macrocyclic bis(dithiocarbamate) complexes; (i) from the reaction of the free ligand with a metal ion, and (ii) via a one-pot reaction. In the free ligand approach, complexes were obtained by the reaction of dithiocarbamate salt with the metal ions; CoII, ZnII and CdII. However, the one-pot reaction is based on the mixing of the bissecondary amine, CS2, KOH and metal(II) chloride. Physico-chemical analyses were implemented to characterise the ligand and its
... Show MoreAccurate calculation of transient overvoltages and dielectric stresses from fast-front excitations is required to obtain an optimal dielectric design of power components subjected to these conditions, which are commonly due to switching and lightning, as well as utilization of power-electronic devices. Toroidal transformers are generally used at the low voltage level. However, recent investigations and developments have explored their use at the medium voltage level. This paper analyzes the model-based improvement of the insulation design of medium voltage toroidal transformers. Lumped and distributed parameter models are used and compared to predict the transient response and dielectric stress along the transformer winding. The parameters
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The new polydentate Schiff-base oxime (1E,1`E)-2hydroxy-3-((E)-(2-((E)-2hydrxy3-((E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl)-5-methylbenzyldeneamino)ethylimino)methyl)-5methylbenzaldehyde oxime H4L and its binuclear metal complexes with Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) are reported. The reaction of 2,6 diformyl–4–methyl phenol with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in mole ratios of 1:1 gave the precursor (E)-2-hydroxy-3((hydroxyimino)methyl)-5-methylbenzaldehyde. Condensation reaction of precursor with ethylenediamine in mole ratios of 2:1 gave the new N4O2 Schiff-base oxime ligand H4L. Upon complex formation, the ligand behaves as a tribasic hexadantate species. The mode of bonding and overall geometry of the complexes were determi
... Show MoreBackground: Because of wide use of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) technique in the recent years and basic role of coronal computed tomography (CT) scan in demonstrating the normal drainage route of para-nasal sinuses, identifying the major patterns of inflammatory sinonasal disease and accompanied anatomical variations is essential for appropriate preoperative surgical planning. In review of publisthed literature, there is no data on CT patterns of chronic inflammatory sinonasal disease and their accompained anatomical variations of nose and PNS in our local population.Objectives: was to determine the frequency of CT patterns and variations in patients with sinonasal symptoms.Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive st
... Show MoreBackground : The hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is defined as the triad of liver disease, arterial deoxygenation, and pulmonary vascular dilatation. The reported prevalence of HPS in cirrhotic patients varies between 5% -17.5%.Objective : To estimate the prevalence of hepatopulmonary syndrome among patients with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension and to study the correlation between HPS and the severity of liver disease.Patients and methods : Thirty patients were studied for the presence of HPS using transthoracic contrast echocardiography for detection of pulmonary vasodilatation. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was determined in erect and supine position using a pulse oximeter , (SaO2 ≤ 92 % in supine position and/or a d
... Show MoreBecause of Citrobacter freundii medical and economical importance and that there are only little local studies about it, this study aimed to isolate and identify this important bacterial species from others that have a similar biochemical and morphological characteristics. Twenty five chicken meat samples were collected randomly from local markets in Baghdad city during 2017; Citrobacter was isolated from the collected samples using selective and differential media and identified using biochemical tests, the identification was confirmed using Vitek 2 compact and polymerase chain reaction for 16S rRNA and the isolated bacteria identified as C. freundii.