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The history of political conflicts in Zimbabwe: The history of political conflicts in Zimbabwe
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Abstract
This research shows the history of political conflicts in Zimbabwe, the
merits of the political struggle for power in this country since the British
colonial period, especially after the British administration announced that
Zimbabwe is a local colony of the British Crown in 1923, as the settlement
process against the wide white deprive local people to own and lease land
and low income, as well as the 1961 Constitution, which granted access to
the white powers in accordance with the authority of the top menu for the
existing lower allocated to blacks.
These events and factors led to a national rejection in Zimbabwe,
which crystallized in the form of parties and political organizations through the
two major parties: Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) led by Joshua
Nkomo, and African National Union (ZANU), led by Robert Mugabe.
The features of political struggles for power started in Zimbabwe
during the elections in 1962 which made the whites (50) seats guaranteed to
them by the Constitution, and deprived blacks of those seats, a matter which
led the national leadership to engage with the government's white led by (Ian
Smith) in long discussions of settlement of this question which ended with the
expulsion of the country's native citizins from the local authority for ever. That
phase had revealed the dimensions of the struggle for power that was limited
between white settlers and national leaders.
But after independence, especially after the elections of 1979 which
allocated (80) seats for the local population, compared to (20) seats for whites
and the formation of the first black majority government in the country, the
features of another struggle for power between nationalists themselves
appeared, as the outcomes of the elections in 1979 which did not satisfy
some of them and led bishop Mozhuiroa to establish a new party known as
the African National Council party which won the elections, But this led to
question the legitimacy of the elections and declared a state of civil
disobedience to that government, and repeat the elections in which Robert
Mugabe won in 1980, ending by that the phase of the conflict.
The phase of cohabitation between the national party (ZAPU) and
(ZANU) came to an end, with Mugabe's reach to power after he has declared
a one-party politics, which made it more powerful than the first, especially
after the deportation of some his rivals, like Joshua Nkomo outside the
country, the liquidation of other rivals, and the declaration of the presidential
system in the country.
In 2000, another phase of power struggle appeared with the
emergence of a new opposition against the rule of Mugabe, under the name
of the movement for Democratic Change, which compete with Mugabe in the
elections of 2002, and elections of 2008, an issue which has raised a big
storm in the country, ended after the intervention of some African leaders with
Mugabe's concession the opposition as a partner in government after he

changed the form of political regime in Zimbabwe from presidential to
parliamentary, he stayed as the President of the Republic while the leader of
the opposition (Morgan Tsvangirai) became the Chairman of the Zimbabwean
government.

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of electronic audit in raising of the independence and professional efficiency of the internal auditor
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The research aims to shed light on the role of E-Audit in raising Independence and professional competence of the external auditor, the study has been applied on a sample of the branches of the Rafidain Bank n have been addressed research topic beside the theoretical, as put forward by the literature of accounting, audit and that the contents of the section first, either the practical side was required to test the hypotheses use form questionnaire, which was distributed to a sample of the external auditors and bankers research sample. He has applied for his part in the search for a standard of independence and professionalism of the external auditor and the factors influencing these standards, and the most import

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Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Sep 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
The social imagination and its representations in the paintings of students of the Department of Art Education
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The aim of this research is to identify how to employ the social imagination and its representations in the paintings of the students of the Department of Art Education. Students of the Department of Art Education in the light of this tool, and the researcher reached a number of results, the most important of which are:
1. The indicator of the social imagination in the excitement of the artist and the recipient, because the representations are embodied in forms within the painting and close to reality.
2. An artistic sample of the representational imagination and the creative imagination was found to be more than the imaginary imagination.
3. Individual symptoms related to the term.
4. The representations of the socia

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Crossref
Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Role of Sports Establishment in The Insurance Industry: An Applied Research at The Insurance Sector
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Sports risk has become a threat to the sports sector in general and the impact on an efficient player and the old stadiums in particular. So have such a thing fertile ground of global insurance companies to exploit it optimally exploited through the development and marketing of insurance lids for the provision of protection for athletes of different risks they may face, which contributed to the growth and development of the performance of these companies and helped in the emergence of sports insurance specialist firms. And through the insurance process in the field of sports and where the insurance is a type of social solidarity. The main problem is this spirit manifested search in question is whether to embrace sports institutions sport

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Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Sep 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
The effect of differentiated education strategy on the achievement of the students of the Institute of Fine Arts in the subject of aesthetics: وفاء شكر حسن
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Current research targeted: Recognizing the impact of the differentiated education strategy on the achievement of the students of the Institute of Fine Arts / Diyala, for the academic year (2018-2019).
The researcher used the experimental approach designed by two groups (control - experimental) and with a post-test to achieve the goal of the research, and the research sample was chosen from students of the fourth stage for the academic year (2018-2019).
The sample was distributed randomly into two groups, the first experimental consisting of (30) students who studied using the differentiated education strategy, and the second control group consisting of (30) students who studied using the traditional method.
The researcher pre

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Crossref
Publication Date
Tue May 07 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
the role of the economy in protecting the environment from pollution and decision_making
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The economic dimensions of environmental issues are complex and unclear in many cases, there is a kind of confusion in the real relationship between economic growth and environmental regulations. Many of the negative environmental impacts are accompanied by human activities and urban and industrial development in the city, and that many of the projects that did not take into account the environmental factors during the planning and implementation of them can be detrimental, as well as natural environments, archeological sites, historical or scientific value, aesthetic or educational. It also describes the Global Environment Outlook that if current trends continue, population growth, economic growth and consumption patterns, the p

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 25 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
MEASUREMENT OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN SOME MINERAL WATER SAMPLES FILLED IN THE MARKETS OF THE PROVINCE OF NAJAF AND COMPARE WITH THE IRAQI AND INTERNATIONAL RATIOS.: MEASUREMENT OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN SOME MINERAL WATER SAMPLES FILLED IN THE MARKETS OF THE PROVINCE OF NAJAF AND COMPARE WITH THE IRAQI AND INTERNATIONAL RATIOS.
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In this research, a selection of some mineral water was selected on the basis of being the most marketed by the owners of shops in Najaf province, with six types, where daily samples of this water were taken by 50 ml for two months from (1/11/2018 -1/1/2019). The following ions concentrations were measured (Br-, Cl-, F-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+), pH and the electrical conductivity were measured and the results were compared with the allowable rates according to the international organizations. It was noted that they conform to international and Iraqi standards.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Role of External Audit in Limiting Creative Accounting Practices in Light of International Standards from The Point of View of Certified Accountancy Experts in Iraq as a Model
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This research aims to solve a problem in the field of accounting and financial knowledge in the world today, that is, the problem of creative accounting. Especially after the global financial crisis and the collapse of many large companies in the world, people find that they use creative accounting methods to distinguish them from reality, showing the results of their activities and their financial status. This research discusses the concept of creative accounting, the most important methods used in financial statements and its relationship with external auditing, and procedures to limit accounting creativity. This study uses descriptive analysis methods after confirming its theoretical aspects in practice. Using the statistical

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Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Jan 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Iraqi-US relations in the light of the strategic framework agreement
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The United States has stood by Iraq and supported militarily and morally, but the relationship did not quickly be strained again before August 1990, when the oldest former political system in Iraq after Iraqi troops entered the territory of Kuwait, the United States stood beside Kuwait because the two parties link military ties opted States United to support the Kuwaiti side relying on the resolutions passed by the UN security Council, the United States and found in this issue right opportunity to execute the mechanics of meddling in Iraqi affairs and the various means of political, economic, military, and methods for dealing with Iraq, especially after finding the impediment standing in front of the implementation of its goals The strat

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2015
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The impact of the major doctrinal rules in Some Judicial Matters
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Jurisprudential rules, a broad section to lower the legitimacy of the ruling on the developments of politics, which is increasing day by day, and developments of complex judicial issues, provided that the rule derived from the texts of the legitimate or verbal significance.
      And the introduction of jurisprudence rules in the provisions concerning the legitimate policy, the first to take from the provisions of the situation; because the rules of jurisprudence is a summary of the provisions reached by the scholars of the nation after study and scrutiny, which is qualified and largely to cover the need of the owners of public mandates.

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2006
Journal Name
Modern Sport
Evaluating the level of controlling The Ball in Basketball for Youth
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The aim of this research was to evaluate the level of ball control in basketball. There was a great weakness in ball control that affected the mastery of many skills that affect the success of the team. The researcher also found a lack in training programs concerning ball control. The researchers used (9) special tests for ball control out of (41) test applied on young basketball players were (86). The researchers concluded that: 1. Criteria were set for test results of ball control. 2. A level of criteria was set for test results of ball control.

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