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The Lingual Criticism and Explication of the Narrative Syntax A reading in Roger Fawler’s Critical Attempt
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الخلاصة

يجمع المختصون أن ليس من نقد إلا وكان مُرحِّلا لنظرية لسانية إلى فضائه، فكان أثر اللسانيات السوسيرية، ومن ثم اللسانيات التوليدية التحويلية معروفا، ولم يكن هذا الأثر محدودا باللسانيين أو نقاد الأدب فحسب، بل امتد إلى الشعراء والجماليين أيضا. وفي هذا البحث سنتوقف عند أثر اللسانيات الوظيفية، وهو ما لم يتوقف عنده إلا قلة من المختصين. ولن نقف عند نقد الوظيفيين للشعر، بل سنقف عند نقدهم للرواية، بقراءة ما قدمه (روجر فاولر). وتأتي أهمية هذا البحث من كونه يسلط الضوء على درس نقدي لم يحظ بالشهرة في ثقافتنا العربية، ولم يقف عنده أحد من الدارسين نقدا أو تبنيا، بالرغم من أنه يقدّم حلا مناسبا للخلط السائد في الكثير من الدراسات الأكاديمية أو النقدية بين الفني والموضوعي (البينوي/ السيميائي).

لقد انشغل النقاد المعاصرون بعرض وتطبيق منهج (جيرار جينيت) ومن بعد منهج (غريماس ومدرسته) وأصبحا موضة نقدية متحكمة بمجريات النظر النقدي العربي.. وما نسعى إليه، بعرضنا لنظرية روجر فاولر ونقدنا لها، الانفتاح بدرسنا النقدي نحو ضفاف مختلة قد تثري بحثنا وتدعم نقدنا للنظريات المتداولة، مولدة وجهة نظر تركيبية بالمنجز النقدي، وتحليلية غنية في التعامل مع النص الإبداعي.

وخلصنا إلى القول: إن مساحة النقد اللساني، برغم سعتها المطروحة في أفكار فاولر، إلا أنها مساحة قادرة على منحنا منهجا يمكن له أن يتجاوز الأحادية التي عرفتها العديد من المناهج السائدة، مثل: منهج جينيت، وتأكيده الجانب الفني، ومنهج غريماس، وتأكيده الجانب الثيماتي. والأحادية الأعمق التي عرفتها الدراسات الأسلوبية في بعديها المحلي (العربي) والعالمي. إذ جرى التأكيد على لغة النص وشكله، واستبعد المحتوى. ومن جانب آخر نراه منهجا أكثر مرونة من مناهج تحليل الخطاب التي جرى التسويق لها بقوة مؤخرا. ثم إن مجالنا النقدي بحاجة إلى أن يتسع برؤاه، في الوقوف عند مختلف الاتجاهات النقدية، والتفاعل مع هذا الاتجاه يمكن له أن يكون خصبا معطاءً. لكن من جانب آخر فإن هذا المنهج بسعته المطروحة يمكن أن يكون تلفيقيا مخلا إذا أسيىء تطبيقه، فليس من الممكن اعتماده من قبل الدارس ما لم يكن ملما، إلى حد ما باللسانيات الوظيفية، لكي يحافظ على قاعدة ارتكازه ولا يضيع بين مدارس كان لها أثرها في تشكل نقد فاولر.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2023
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Succinic acid Production Strategy: Raw material, Organisms and Recent Applications in pharmaceutical and Food: Critical Review
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Succinic acid is an essential base ingredient for manufacturing various industrial chemicals. Succinic acid has been acknowledged as one of the most significant bio based building block chemicals. Rapid demand for succinic acid has been noticed in the last 10 years. The production methods and mechanisms developed. Hence, these techniques and operations need to be revised. Recently, an omnibus rule for developing succinic acid is to find renewable carbohydrate Feedstocks. The sustainability of the resource is crucial to disintegrate the massive use of petroleum based-production. Accordingly, systematically reviewing the latest findings of bacterial production and related fermentation methods is critical. Therefore, this paper aims to stud

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 27 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
تقييم تجربة المشاركة الأجنبية في عينة من المصارف العراقية الخاصة
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           The international field has witnessed economical and technological developments which made the world one market . this increased the competence among the international dealers .  the market, thus comprises states, governments, international organizations, and giant economic blocs which all seek to unify the behavior of the game by dealing and seizing the opportunities and facing the threats which concern deregulation in all its forms .This led to a number of developments including the increasing number of mergers and posts which are considered investment alternatives.                &nb

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 04 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Role of a University Professor in the Development of Democracy with the Contents of a University Student in the Light of a Democratic Society
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The current research aims to answer the following questions: what is the substance of democracy? What is the content of a democratic society? What is the role of university professor in the democratic development of the student university in light of the new Iraqi society? In order to achieve the goals of the research, the researcher developed an a questionnaire based on literature, Iraq's draft constitution in 2005, and his experience of the field of teaching human rights and public freedoms and the teaching of democracy. It was applied to a sample of faculty members in Department of Education and Psychology / College of Education / University Baghdad for the year 20014 were obtained their answers were then processed statistically. Henc

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
A New Vision in the Locality and the Factors of Forming Meander
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The research addressed an analytical field investigation of the locality of meander, the factors responsible of the locality of the meander at certain points of the stream other than others, and the role sequence of these factors in the formation process.
The research revealed that the location of forming the meander was associated closely with the scale structural composition of the bank materials from which the first stage of forming the curved stream, for the inhomogeneous or non-identical opposite banks in their scale structural composition saw an activity of differential corrosion, while the homogeneous and identical opposite banks in their scale structural composition saw an identical corrosion activity in its intensity at both

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 09 2018
Journal Name
مجلة العلوم السياسية
مدرسة فرانكفورت النقدية: الاسس والمنطلقات الفكرية
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تعـد مدرســة فرانكفــورت ابــرز مدرســة فلــسفية اجتماعيــة نقديــة معاصــره وجهــت نقــدا مركزيا وبناءً للـسلبيات الاجتماعيـة والفكريـة التـي عرفتهـا المجتمعـات الاوربيـة المعاصـرة بتوجيه انتقادات جذرية وعميقة للمفاهيم والقيم التي تأسست عليهـا هـذه المجتمعـات كـ )العقلانية ، الحرية ، التقدم العلمي والتقني )، اذ كان اغلب مفكريهـا يـسعون الـى هـدف واحد مشترك هو العمل على تغيير الواقـع ليـصبح اكثـر انـس

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 30 2025
Journal Name
International Journal Of Social Sciences And English Literature
Critical Discourse Analysis of Online Platforms: An Overview
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The rise of online platforms has transformed the discourse landscape, enabling users to create and share content actively, thereby shaping public perceptions and societal narratives. Understanding the dynamics of this discourse is essential for comprehending its socio-political implications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) concerning online platforms, exploring how language is utilized across various digital contexts to influence identity formation and social inequalities. Methodologically, the review systematically searches electronic databases, including Google Scholar and ProQuest, using keywords related to CDA and online platforms. A total of 30 relevant studies are purpo

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 01 2018
Journal Name
Ulustath
Critical Discourse Analysis of Donald Trump's Inaugural Speech
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       Political speeches are represented in different shapes as political forum, events or as inaugural speech. This research critically analyzes the inaugural Speech of the President Donald Trump which was delivered on 20th ,January, 2017 from the site<www.cnn.com> retrieved on 10th ,May,2017. The objectives of the study are: First: classifying and discussing well known micro structures (linguistic feature) of the speech, and second: classifying the macro structures i.e. the delivered political inaugural speech  in which he includes social structures. To reach to the objectives of the study, the researcher will adopt Norman Fairclough’s three dimensional Analytical Model(1989). Tracing the model, the speech was subm

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 01 2018
Journal Name
Alustath Journal For Human And Social Sciences
Critical Discourse Analysis of Donald Trump's Inaugural Speech
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       Political speeches are represented in different shapes as political forum, events or as inaugural speech. This research critically analyzes the inaugural Speech of the President Donald Trump which was delivered on 20th ,January, 2017 from the site<www.cnn.com> retrieved on 10th ,May,2017. The objectives of the study are: First: classifying and discussing well known micro structures (linguistic feature) of the speech, and second: classifying the macro structures i.e. the delivered political inaugural speech  in which he includes social structures. To reach to the objectives of the study, the researcher will adopt Norman Fairclough’s three dimensional Analytical Model(

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 18 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Best Level of Parameters for a Critical Buckling Load for Circular Thin- Walled Structure Subjected to Bending
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Circular thin walled structures have wide range of applications. This type of structure is generally exposed to different types of loads, but one of the most important types is a buckling. In this work, the phenomena of buckling was studied by using finite element analysis. The circular thin walled structure in this study is constructed from; cylindrical thin shell strengthen by longitudinal stringers, subjected to pure bending in one plane. In addition, Taguchi method was used to identify the optimum combination set of parameters for enhancement of the critical buckling load value, as well as to investigate the most effective parameter. The parameters that have been analyzed were; cylinder shell thickness, shape of stiffeners section an

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 27 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
CREATIVITY IN THE TELEVISION ADVERTISING MESSAGE AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN ATTRACTING THE ATTENTION OF THE RECIPIENT: (A research drawn from a Degree thesis)
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Declaration has become today has an important and active and influential role in the recipient public life، and are concentrated advertising on the creativity component manufacture to attract his attention toward what to be announced from a variety products، and is dominated by television commercials tempo and imagination، and display them a variety of ways catches the attention and an impressive simulates the their senses of hearing and sight، to influence in the receiver and the public paid for purchase.

Through it crystallization the subject of our research on the importance of creativity in television advertising and effective for attracting the attention of the publi

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