Despite the multiplicity of institutions contributing to the decision-making process in the United States of America, they interact to crystallize positions regarding international and strategic situations. The formulation of the national security policy depends on a number of institutions that complement each other in order to achieve an advanced security situation. Thus, the decision reflects the process of interaction of the existing regulatory institutions. This is because the essence of the national security and achieving its requirements also stems from the existence of a coherent system of shared beliefs and principles in the American society. Besides, these elements are the bases for achieving security. Researing about Brent Scowcroft’s role in meeting the requiremnets of the united States’ national security, it has been found necessary to include two pivots to the study. The first pivot disscusses the requirements of achieving the national security of the United States of America, whereas the second pivot tackles Brent Scowcroft’s role, through the mechanisms of the national security council, in achieving the national security requirements in particular within the decision-making process in the history of the contemporary American political system. As for the type of the study, it is a historical study within the axis of contemporary American politics, while the methodology of the study came within the scientific analysis and according to the narrative and descriptive historical approach. This is because the research problem emphasizes the identification of the security and military requirements in order to achieve the integration of the national security of the United States. Finally, the conclusions have verified the National Security Adviser’s prominent role of during the Scowcroft era, in conductng partnership with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the decision-making process. The latter has said to affect the overall foreign policy and achieve the national security requirements of the United States of America at the end of the last century.
Three azo compounds were synthesized in two different methods, and characterized by FT-IR, HNMR andVis) spectra, melting points were determined. The inhibitory effects of prepared compounds on the activity of human serum cholinesterase have been studied in vitro. Different concentrations of study the type of inhibition. The results form line weaver-Burk plot indicated that the inhibitor type was noncompetitive with a range (33.12-78.99%).
A simple low-cost approach at various exposure times was utilized to generate cold plasma in the aim to fabricate AuNPs. UV-Visible spectra and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the nanoparticles (XRD). Surface Plasmon resonance was observed in the synthesized AuNPs at 530, 540, and 533 nm. For all samples, the patterns of XRD show very intensive peaks implying the fcc crystalline structure of AuNPs. The average crystallite size of AuNPs is ranging between 20-30 nm. The observation of morphology by FESEM revealed the spherical formation of AuNPs. Doses of 100 and 200 ppm of AuNPs were adapted to investigate their effect on the blood-mixture with and without a 20-second of cold plasma exposure. The WBC components in the blood
... Show MoreThe preliminary test of the compounds N [2– (3,4–dimethoxy nitrobenzene oxazepine– 2,3–dihydro–4,7–dione]–5–mercupto–2–amino–1,3,4–thiadiazol [A] and N [ 2–anthralidene– 5– ( 2–nitrophenyl ) –1,3–oxazepine–4,7–dione–2–d](5–mercapto–1,3,4–thiadiazole–2–amin) [B] , showed that they possess high activity against some positive and negative bacteria , like pseudomonas aeruginosa (pseudo.), Escherichia coli (E-coli), staphylococcus aureus (sta.) and Bacillus subtilis (Ba.) and finally there is a study of the effect of some antibiotics like streptomycin (S), gentamycin (GN), chloramphenicol (C) and Nalitixic acid (NA) in order to compare the differences in effects. In the present study, results
... Show MoreCdS Nps (inorganic material) was prepared by the chemical reaction method. ZnPc (organic material) and CdS thin films were prepared separately to compare their characterization with the hybrid BHJ blend ZnPc/CdS thin film (2ml:2ml) by spin coating technique. The structural and morphological properties of the prepared thin films have been measured by XRD and AFM respectively. The XRD pattern for both as-deposited and annealed CdS nanoparticle films shows a hexagonal structure. The crystallite size behavior of as deposited ZnPc films and annealing at 423K for 1h, 2h and 3h was approximately similar to the behavior of heat treated blended films. The grain size was measured by AFM, which decreaseds with annealing temperature for ZnPc films,
... Show MoreThe aim of this study was to use low cost adsorbents, which consist of corn cobs as plant wastes adsorbents in treatment of Industrial waste water by fixed bed column technique and study the effect of two variables (pH value and contact time). The sample of plant waste (Corn cobs) was tested to determine its activity which gives the best performance in heavy metals removal and other pollutants (TSS, TDS and COD). Adsorption tests showed the corn cobs adsorbents had significant heavy metal removal efficiency. The best removal efficiency 95.05% of Cr was occurred at pH 5.4 and 4.18hr. Higher removal efficiency 99.90% of Ni was occurred at pH 6.5 and 2.38hr. While, lower removal efficiency 91.35% for Zn obtained at pH 6.5 and 0.15hr. Remova
... Show MoreThe current study was designed for using banana peels to remove zinc, chromium and nickel from industrial waste-water. Three forms of these peels (fresh, dried small pieces and powder) were tested under some environmental factors such as pH, temperature and contact time. Current data show that banana peels are capable of removing zinc, chromium and nickel ions at significant capacity. Furthermore, the powder of banana peels had highest capability in removing all zinc, chromium and nickel ions followed by fresh peels whilst dried peels had the lowest bioremoving capacity again for all metals under test. The highest capacity was for chromium then nickel and finally zinc. All these data were significantly (LSD peel forms = 2.761 mg/l, LSD m
... Show MoreThis study involves microfacies analysis of the Kometan Formation from northeastern Iraq supported by detailed petrographic investigation for the main components and diagenetic processes using a petrographic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The techniques have revealed that the formation includes two microfacies; lime wackestone and lime packstone microfacies which in turn are subdivided into seven sub-microfacies, that were deposited in the quiet and deep marine environment. Planktonic foraminifera (keeled and globular chamber types) are dominant, along with oligostegina in addition to subordinate benthonic foraminifera and fine-grained bioclasts. Calcite forms the main mineralogical compositi
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