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The Chicago School in Urban Sociology: A Socio-Historical Approach on the Pragmatic Thought Influence as a Theoretical Frame of Reference in it-1892-2020
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The present theoretical study analyzes the legacy of the Chicago School of Urban Sociology and evaluates it in the light of the growth and development of Chicago City and the establishment of sociology in it. Sociology has become an academic discipline recognized in the United States of America in the late nineteenth century, particularly, after the establishment of the first department of sociology in the University of Chicago in 1892. That was during the period of the rapid industrialization and sustainable growth of the Chicago City. The Chicago School relied on Chicago City in particular, as one of the American cities that grew and expanded rapidly in the first two decades of the twentieth century. At the end of the nineteenth century, the city witnessed the arrival of large numbers of immigrants from Europe and South America. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the heritage of the Chicago School in depth, focusing on its origin, genesis, and development of the Chicago School of Urban Sociology. It also sheds light on  its emergence and dominance over the American academic edifice in the first two decades of the twentieth century. The study further aims to investigate the role of the pragmatic thought in the growth and development of this school as a prominent scientific edifice among all American universities. The golden age of this school and the creativity of its pioneers of the scholars continued until the mid-forties. Thus, the study is to explain the causes of its decline after the mid-forties of the last century. Then, it evaluates the reality of this school after the forties until the first two decades of the current millennium. The study concluded that although much of the urban sociology tradition in the Chicago School and its deeply rooted sub-fields was and remains important, constituting a centre to this discipline, this does not mean that the styles and methods of studies conducted under the Chicago School umbrella should be applied to the urban life of today’s cities. This is due to their inadequacy with the reality of urban life in industrial cities today. That is in return is because of the radical transformations at all levels, including economic, social, political and cultural, as well as the modern communication technologies that have changed the face of the world through what is called today globalization.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Effect of customer relationship Management on improving Financial Performance: An Applied Study in a Number of Iraq Private Banks
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The research focuses on determining the role of customer relationship management in improving financial performance by surveying the opinions of a number of employees of a number of Iraqi private banks. The customer has become the focus of attention and the most important factors of success and profitability and competition. Therefore, decisions related to the customer are important decisions that support the process of making, And follow-up of administrative decisions, including financial decisions aimed at improving the financial performance of banks and distinguish them from competitors.    Thus, the techniques used in customer relations management programs to collect, analyze and use data and information have beco

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 01 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Rheumatic Diseases
A 5 item version of the Workplace Activity Limitation Scale successfully identifies impaired work productivity in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A split‐sample factor analysis approach
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Abstract<sec><title>Background

There is a growing interest in studying the effects of arthritis on a person's work productivity using a growing variety of outcome indicators.

Objectives

To develop a valid and reliable shortened version of the Workplace Activity Limitation Scale 12 (WALS‐12) for assessing work productivity limitations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study involving 277 RA patients was conducted. An exploratory factor analysis on WALS‐12 was used for item reduction on the first sample. Then confirmatory factor ana

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of customer contact on operation performance Case study in the specialist Dental Centre in Al-alwia
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the researchers Sought to determine the impact of the customer contact (Within a client contact there are two times, first is the total time required to create a service and within it there is contact time while the second time is the time of client contact ؛ where means a time that records the physical presence of the customer during the process of service) on operations performance by concentrate attention on the cost (labor productivity) and quality (patient ratio to the doctor) and speed (cycle time) and flexibility (the flexibility range) , as well as ruling out variable of innovation because of impossibility to measure this variable in the Specialty Center for Dental in al-alwia due to the center is lacking of mechanisms t

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 28 2023
Journal Name
Periodicals Of Engineering And Natural Sciences (pen)
Modeling the trend of Iraqi GDP for 1970-2020
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The study of economic growth indicators is of fundamental importance in estimating the effectiveness of economic development plans, as well as the great role it plays in determining appropriate economic policies in order to optimally use the factors that lead to the dynamics of growth in Iraq, especially during a certain period of time. The gross domestic product (GDP) at current prices), which is considered a part of the national accounts, which is considered as an integrated dynamic of statistics that produces in front of policy makers the possibility of determining whether the economy is witnessing a state of expansion or evaluating economic activity and its efficiency in order to reach the size of the overall economy. The research aims

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The effect of strategic alignment on the reputation of the organization
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The current study aims to determine the extent of SOMO's interest in strategic alignment operations and whether this interest is sufficient to be reflected in enhancing its organizational reputation. The field of research was in the oil marketing company SOMO. The managers in the top management within this company were targeted and the questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The study population (109), (105) questionnaires were distributed, (94) questionnaires and (11) questionnaires were not retrieved, and the valid questionnaires had reached (91) and the analytical and descriptive approach was used for the study, the current research found to find A direct relationship and a positive effect of strategic

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 21 2024
Journal Name
Al Rafidain Journal Of Engineering Sciences
A Review of the Effect of Crumb Rubber as an Additive on Hot Mix Asphalt
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Materials recycling has a significant economic and environmental impact; as a result, steel, aluminium, plastic, and other recyclable materials have been pushed for use in construction materials. One of these recyclable materials is the crumb rubber, has been considered as a pavement component. The general behaviour of the composite rubber-hot mix asphalt system would be varied from that of the conventional rubber free mix. In this review, desirable characteristics of hot mix asphalt are highlighted first. Also, effect of gradation and the main types of rubber are specified. Afterward, many studies that considered the crumb rubber as a waste product and its associated mixture and modifiers are reviewed. The factors affect the crumb

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Topics of Women in the Iraqi Newspaper (Al- Sabah): (Feminist Approach)
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The search tried to achieve a major scientific goal represented by (Knowing the perspective that has been treated through press releases of woman articles in Al- Sabah newspaper), via:

  1. Specifying the rate of woman topics in Al-Sabah newspaper, compared with the other subjects.
  2. Revealing the nature of the topics of the woman that the newspaper dealt with.
  3. Identifying the ID of journalistic-product that dealt with the woman topics.
  4. Knowing the journalistic arts that the woman topics have been treated by.
  5. Standing on the cases which woman topics concentrated on, through Al-Sabah newspaper.

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
A Critical Review on Expansive Soils Including the Influence of Hydrocarbon Pollution and the Use of Electrical Resistivity to Evaluate their Properties
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Abstract<p>This paper reviews the studies on expansive soil with a main focus on failure mechanism, financial losses, mineralogy, determination of swelling parameters and others. Effect of hydrocarbon pollution on geotechnical properties of expansive soil was presented. The paper discussed the assessment of electrical response of contaminated swelling soils. Wide extend of expansive grounds around the world and the serious impact created on infrastructures requires to identify its influential aspects and the appropriate treatments. Also, it was found that petroleum product affect significantly on the basic properties of swelling soils such as gradation, consistency, compaction, swelling and othe</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Wed Dec 20 2023
Journal Name
Health Education And Health Promotion
Influence of Educational Program of Cholera Disease on Nannies' Practices in the Nurseries
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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2023
Journal Name
Solid State Communications
Influence of In-dopant on the optoelectronic properties of thermal evaporated CuAlTe2 films
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In the current study, CuAl0.7In0.3Te2 thin films with 400 nm thickness were deposited on glass substrates using thermal evaporation technique. The films were annealed at various annealing temperatures of (473,573,673 and 773) K. Furthermore, the films were characterized by X-ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Ultra violet-visible (UV–vis). XRD patterns confirm that the films exhibit chalcopyrite structure and the predominant diffraction peak is oriented at (112). The grain size and surface roughness of the annealed films have been reported. Optical properties for the synthesized films including, absorbance, transmittance, dielectric constant, and refr

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