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Social Safety Nets and Sustainable Development in Fragile Environments: A Field Social Study of Slums in the City of Baghdad/Al-Karkh: هبة صالح مهدي, عدنان ياسين مصطفى
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Almost human societies are not void of poverty, as the latter accompanied the emergence of humanity, and it, thus, represents an eternal problem. To advance an individual's reality and raise the level of the poor social classes, social security networks have been established. Such networks operate in society following social systems and laws to provide food, and material support. Besides, such networks help to rehabilitate the individual academically and vocationally. They empower vulnerable groups through the establishment of courses and workshop, provide (conditional) subsidies related to the health and educational aspects in order to achieve the sustainable development goals of (2030), and apply developmental roles of social safety nets that target the needy and poor groups living in slums, especially in the city of Baghdad. They further stand on the humanitarian and social conditions experienced by the residents of those areas. the study also examines the role of both formal and informal organizations in achieving sustainable development goals. The data of the study involves five complexes in Baghdad, specifically Al- Karkh side; these include the following: (Mu'amel Al-Masdar Complex, Al-Rahman Complex, Noor Complex), Al-Huda, Al-Raja’ Complex, and Al-Noor Village Complex). That is, the number of families was 250; 50 from each complex. A statistical program (SPSS) and scientific tools have been used to collect the data, such as observational questionnaire, interview, and groups  focal point. The study has revealed that most of the respondents received food aids from different parties at a rate of (64.80%), especially during the crises that the country witnessed. The vast majority of the respondents, (1-87%), who benefited from the social assistance, do not have an alternative financial source.

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 01 2019
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
The comparison of several methods for calculating the degree of heritability and calculating the number of genes in maize (Zea mays L.). I. Agronomic traits
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Abstract<p>The objective of present study was to compare of several methods for estimating the degree of heritability and calculating the number of genes using generation mean analysis of maize (<italic>Zea mays</italic>L.). The experiment was conducted at the field of Field Crop Dept. College of Agric / Univ. of Baghdad, for many seasons, spring and fall seasons 2009, 2010, spring 2011 and fall 2013.Six diverse inbred lines were crossed to produce F1,F2,BC1 and BC2 for four superior crosses.Broad-sense and narrow sense heritability estimates based on variance of different generations. The results showed that the four formulas used to estimate the heritability were different in estimating the values o</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri Feb 18 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering And Sustainable Development
CONJUGATE NATURAL CONVECTION IN A POROUS ENCLOSURE SANDWICHED BY FINITE WALLS AND SUBJECTED TO CONVECTION COOLING CONDITION
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Steady conjugate natural convection heat transfers in a two-dimensional enclosure filled with fluid saturated porous medium is studied numerically. The two vertical boundaries of the enclosure are kept isothermally at same temperature, the horizontal upper wall is adiabatic, and the horizontal lower wall is partially heated. The Darcy extended Brinkman Forcheimer model is used as the momentum equation and Ansys Fluent software is utilized to solve the governing equations. Rayleigh number (1.38 ≤ Ra ≤ 2.32), Darcy number (3.9 * 10-8), the ratio of conjugate wall thickness to its height (0.025 ≤ W ≤ 0.1), heater length to the bottom wall ratio (1/4 ≤  ≤ 3/4) and inclination angle (0°, 30° and 60°) are the main consid

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
MIXED CONVECTION PHENOMINA AFFECTED BY RADIATION IN A HORIZONTAL RECTANGULAR DUCT WITH COCENTRIC AND ECCENTRIC CIRCULAR CORE
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The numerical investigation has been performed to study the radiation affected steady state laminar mixed convection induced by a hot inner varied positions circular core in a horizontal rectangular channel for a fully developed flow. To examine the effects of thermal radiation on thermo fluid dynamics behavior in the eccentric geometry channel, the generalized body fitted co-ordinate system is introduced while the finite difference method is used for solving the radiative transport equation. The governing equations which used are continuity, momentum and energy equations. These equations are normalized and solved using the Vorticity-Stream function. After validating numerical results for the case without radiation, the detailed rad

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 03 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Global Trends In Pharmaceutical Sciences
A REVIEW: CEFPODOXIME PROXETIL (DOXEF. PROXETIL) DISCOVERY, PREPARATION, APPLICATIONS AND COMPARISON WITH CEFPODOXIME- CLAVULANIC ACID IN ACTIVITY
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Publication Date
Thu May 04 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
2-Aminoacetophenone As A Virulent Factor For Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Causing Sever Burn And Wound Infections In Iraq
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Various pathological specimens (180) were collected from patients suffering
from pseudomonas aeruginosa infections from different hospitals in Baghdad from January
to May 2011; these specimens include (Blood samples,sputum,urine and wound swabs) were
tested for pseudomonas aeruginosa producing 2-Aminoacetophenone.Wounds swabs
specially taken from burns and post surgical infections producing a higher concentration of 2-Acetophenone material than from other samples were tested for this material and most of
these were isolated bases on their distinctive grape- like odor of 2-Aminoacetophenone
production usually linked with patients whose immune system compromised by disease or
trauma, its gains access to these pat

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
MIXED CONVECTION PHENOMINA AFFECTED BY RADIATION IN A HORIZONTAL RECTANGULAR DUCT WITH COCENTRIC AND ECCENTRIC CIRCULAR CORE
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The numerical investigation has been performed to study the radiation affected steady state laminar mixed convection induced by a hot inner varied positions circular core in a horizontal rectangular channel for a fully developed flow. To examine the effects of thermal radiation on thermo fluid dynamics behavior in the eccentric geometry channel, the generalized body fitted co-ordinate system is introduced while the finite difference method is used for solving the radiative transport equation. The governing equations which used are continuity, momentum and energy equations. These equations are normalized and solved using the Vorticity-Stream function. After validating numerical results for the case without radiation, the detailed radiatio

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 22 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The Dental Caries and Some Salivary Constituents among a Group of Ten Years Iraqi Passive Smokers
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Background: Passive smoking and dental caries affect the integrity of the health of individuals and both of them affected by sociodemographic characteristics of those individuals. This research aimed to investigate the severity of dental caries in relation to salivary magnesium and zinc of stimulated whole saliva of a group of 10 years passive smokers in comparison with normal subjects. Materials and methods: the study group included 40 subjects (20boys and 20 girls), with an age of 10 years of passive smokers determined by a questionnaire. The control group included 40 normal subjects of the same gender and age of the study group. The diagnosis and recording of dental caries was measured by (D1-4MFS & d1-4mfs) index according to the criter

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2010
Journal Name
The International Journal Of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology
A plate-based assay system for analyses and screening of the Leishmania major inositol phosphorylceramide synthase
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Sphingolipids are key components of eukaryotic membranes, particularly the plasma membrane. The biosynthetic pathway for the formation of these lipid species is largely conserved. However, in contrast to mammals, which produce sphingomyelin, organisms such as the pathogenic fungi and protozoa synthesize inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) as the primary phosphosphingolipid. The key step involves the reaction of ceramide and phosphatidylinositol catalysed by IPC synthase, an essential enzyme with no mammalian equivalent encoded by the AUR1 gene in yeast and recently identified functional orthologues in the pathogenic kinetoplastid protozoa. As such this enzyme represents a promising target for novel anti-fungal and anti-protozoal drugs. Given

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Medicine And Life
The effect of COVID-19 on emergencies and pain among orthodontic patients attending a teaching hospital
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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on emergencies and pain among orthodontic patients attending a teaching hospital. The study was conducted among orthodontic patients receiving active orthodontic treatment or in a retention period at the College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Iraq. Their participation was voluntary, and they filled out an Arabic-translated questionnaire. The survey included general information, orthodontic problems, and a numerical rating scale for pain assessment. We used descriptive and inferential statistics (frequencies and intersecting frequencies), chi-square test and linear regression. Out of 75 orthodontic patients, only 54 (15 males and 39 females) were included in the s

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 05 2023
Journal Name
Communications In Mathematical Biology And Neuroscience
THE DYNAMICS OF A STAGE-STRUCTURE PREY-PREDATOR MODEL WITH HUNTING COOPERATION AND ANTI-PREDATOR BEHAVIOR
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The mathematical construction of an ecological model with a prey-predator relationship was done. It presumed that the prey consisted of a stage structure of juveniles and adults. While the adult prey species had the power to fight off the predator, the predator, and juvenile prey worked together to hunt them. Additionally, the effect of the harvest was considered on the prey. All the solution’s properties were discussed. All potential equilibrium points' local stability was tested. The prerequisites for persistence were established. Global stability was investigated using Lyapunov methods. It was found that the system underwent a saddle-node bifurcation near the coexistence equilibrium point while exhibiting a transcritical bifurcation

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