This research is qualitative in nature. It aims to investigate descriptively, analytically, and comparatively the modern AK model represented by the Sudan Open University Series, and the European framework, the common reference for Teaching Foreign Languages, to uncover what was achieved in them in terms of communication and language use. Accordingly, an integrated, multi-media approach has been adopted to enable the production and reception activities, and the spread of Arabic in vast areas of the world. Such a spread helps Arabic language to be in a hegemonic position with the other living languages. The study is based on getting benefit from human experiences and joint work in the field of teaching Arabic to non-Arabic speakers to meet the needs of learners. Such knowledge helps to overcome the pragmatic dimension dilemmas, and the duality between formal and colloquial, leading as a result to have a global recognition of its outputs. The study revealed the importance of building the communication and pragmatic capabilities of language learners since they both represent the life and vitality of language. It further necessitates rebuilding curricula and updating them in a way that makes communication and the use of language a reality. The research recommended eliminating any difficulties that face the Arabic language learner from the non-speakers, by making use of what was provided by the Common European Framework of Reference for Teaching Foreign Languages.
The fluctuation properties of energy spectrum, electromagnetic transition intensities and electromagnetic moments in nucleus are investigated with realistic shell model calculations. We find that the spectral fluctuations of are consistent with the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of random matrices. Besides, we observe a transition from an order to chaos when the excitation energy is increased and a clear quantum signature of the breaking of chaoticity when the single-particle energies are increased. The distributions of the transition intensities and of the electromagnetic moments are well described by a Porter-Thomas distribution. The statistics of electromagnetic transition intensities clearly deviate from a Porter-Thomas distribution (i
... Show MoreThe economy is exceptionally reliant on agricultural productivity. Therefore, in domain of agriculture, plant infection discovery is a vital job because it gives promising advance towards the development of agricultural production. In this work, a framework for potato diseases classification based on feed foreword neural network is proposed. The objective of this work is presenting a system that can detect and classify four kinds of potato tubers diseases; black dot, common scab, potato virus Y and early blight based on their images. The presented PDCNN framework comprises three levels: the pre-processing is first level, which is based on K-means clustering algorithm to detect the infected area from potato image. The s
... Show MoreThe history of civilizations in the past centuries is a rich source for creativity and inspiration in all areas of art and design, especially in the field of fashion design. Many designers draw their designs from previous eras; which is the aim of this research as we propose designing fashion the mannequin for the category of young girls aged between (10-18). The costumes were inspired by Victorian women's costumes during the time period (1860-1890) and were subdivided into three time periods (1860-1870), (1870-1880), (1880-1890) forming three designs for each time period , analyzing the nine designs to achieve the creative , functional and aesthetic aspects that are appropriate for the age group (research sample). The importance of the
... Show MoreDue to its importance in physics and applied mathematics, the non-linear Sturm-Liouville problems
witnessed massive attention since 1960. A powerful Mathematical technique called the Newton-Kantorovich
method is applied in this work to one of the non-linear Sturm-Liouville problems. To the best of the authors’
knowledge, this technique of Newton-Kantorovich has never been applied before to solve the non-linear
Sturm-Liouville problems under consideration. Accordingly, the purpose of this work is to show that this
important specific kind of non-linear Sturm-Liouville differential equations problems can be solved by
applying the well-known Newton-Kantorovich method. Also, to show the efficiency of appl
The research has been concerned with the modalities of foreign trade payments (foreign trade financing), and made an accounting comparison between them to choose the best way to pay for the imported goods (payment of the real values of imported goods), given the importance of the impact of this activity on the national economy of all countries of the world, especially Iraq for the adoption of a very large amount of imported goods to meet the requirements of the people, which require the flow of huge amounts of foreign currency outside Iraq to pay for these goods, and therefore dealing incorrectly with it leads to the destruction of the national economy and the spread of a number of negative social and economic phenomena of
... Show MoreAccurate computation of the roughness coefficient is important in the studies of open channel flow. To measure and identify the hydraulic characteristics of the flow system, the model simulation is necessary to study and get the results of the hydraulic properties to specify Manning coefficient of the Euphrates River. In this study, the reach is extended along the Euphrates River from Haditha Dam to Ramadi Barrage with a distance of 169km. The HEC-RAS model was implemented to simulate the flow within the study reach. The geometry of the river was represented by more than two hundred cross-sections surveyed in 2013 and 2021. The model was calibrated using some observed discharges at the Heet gage station for records of th
... Show MoreSummery of the Study: The Israeli interest in Iraq was not the result of the 2003 US war, which ended with its occupation, but Iraq was still at the top of Israeli concerns, as it was due to its interest and desire to occupy the Zionist movement for a number of reasons, most importantly its religious position in the Jews and control It is a sacred religious duty, so Israel has employed all its organs, institutions, relations and espionage networks in order to penetrate it and perpetuate its existence, and succeeded in achieving its foreign policy objectives at a time when the area was open to it without opposition or competition thanks to its strategic alliance with the states Of the United States of America, which has been able to penet
... Show MoreThis article discusses the peculiarities of the Arabic root, its phonemic structure, and morphological categorization. The pure appearance of the Arabic root in language categorization allows you to separate the onomatopoeic feature of inflectional structure and phonetic rules of the Arabic language by which the root is categorized. This phenomenon of meaningful consonant phonemes in the Arabic roots makes the theory of onomatopoeia practicable not just only in Arabic but also in other Semitic languages. Moreover, the first consonant of an Arabic root usually contains the word's primary, essential meaning, and the second and third lookup. Also, in this work, it is noted that the grammar of the Arabic language has many features aimed
... Show MoreThe audit profession today gets an increasing interest by the financial , economic and legal contemporary societies , because of the importance of the technical & neutral auditor’s opinion to the financial reports beneficiaries in order to enable them making their investment decisions , but some of them whom suffered damage or loss when they made that decisions according to the mentioned financial statements which consolidated with auditor’s report , exposed the function to a responsibility and credibility crisis in addition to missing the trust especially at the latest years. They always ask why or what is the reason that cause the auditor didn’t giving us any warning signs about the economic mater for that companies.
Background: Saliva plays an important role in oral health. Several salivary proteins are involved in the antimicrobial defence mechanism and are able to eliminate or inhibit bacterial growth in the oral cavity. Secretory IgA (SIgA) is one of the principal antibodies present in saliva, could help oral immunity by preventing microbial adherence, neutralizing enzymes and toxins. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between salivary Streptococcus Mutans (SM) count and S IgA in stimulated whole saliva in children with primary dentition compared to those with permanent teeth in relation to some oral hygiene parameters. Material and methods: Stimulated whole saliva was collected from 50 children (25 with primary dentation and
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