Copulas are simply equivalent structures to joint distribution functions. Then, we propose modified structures that depend on classical probability space and concepts with respect to copulas. Copulas have been presented in equivalent probability measure forms to the classical forms in order to examine any possible modern probabilistic relations. A probability of events was demonstrated as elements of copulas instead of random variables with a knowledge that each probability of an event belongs to [0,1]. Also, some probabilistic constructions have been shown within independent, and conditional probability concepts. A Bay's probability relation and its pro

Gas coning is one of the most serious problems in oil wells. Gas will reach the perforations and be produced with oil. Anyhow there is a certain production rate called critical production rate. The daily production rate should not exceed the critical production rate. In this research ten oil wells have been tested for problem of gas coning for a period of time of eighteen months. The production rates of these Ten oil wells are tabulated in a table exist in this research.
These production rates are considered as critical production rate because no gas coning has been observed in these wells. The critical production rates of these wells don't concide with those obtained from (Meyer, Gardiner, Pirson) method and also they don’t concide

Although text document images authentication is difficult due to the binary nature and clear separation between the background and foreground but it is getting higher demand for many applications. Most previous researches in this field depend on insertion watermark in the document, the drawback in these techniques lie in the fact that changing pixel values in a binary document could introduce irregularities that are very visually noticeable. In this paper, a new method is proposed for object-based text document authentication, in which I propose a different approach where a text document is signed by shifting individual words slightly left or right from their original positions to make the center of gravity for each line fall in with the m

Background: Day case surgery has become widely accepted as a safe alternative to the inpatient care in up to 70% of the cases at a children’s hospital. It has the advantage of minimizing the psychological trauma of hospitalization, decreasing nosocomial infection, less costly and frees up hospital beds.Objectives: To assess the advantages and disadvantages of this type of surgery.Methods: this is a prospective study, in which two hundred thirty childhood tonsillectomies were performed as a day-case in the department of otolaryngology at Al Shaheed Gazi hospital, Medical City Complex during the period from October 2009 to September 2010. The patients age range from 3-12 years (Mean 7.2 years).Results: 46.08% males and 53.91% females wer

   The purpose of this study was to evaluate the thickness of the compressed breast in mediolateral oblique (MLO) and craniocaudal (cc) mammograms to relate these thickness and breast patterns to mean glandular dose (MAD) in Iraqi women and to evalualat radiology's recommendation for Iraqi women. The study of population consists of 20 paired MLO and CC mammograms obtained on one mammograms unit .The digital read out of compressed breast thickness MGD was calculated by multiplying entrance skin exposure by the exposureto-absorbed dose conversion factor for the range of breast thickness which was 7.1 ----7.4cm   in cc mammograms with a mean breast thickness of 7.2 cm and 7.3 ------7.5 cm in MLO mammograms with a mean br

       For the development of negative streamer, a one dimension simulation is presented when a negative electric field is applied at atmospheric pressure to a 4 mm gap in nitrogen. At applied electric fields of 55, 60, 65 and 70 kV/cm, streamer parameters were studied at various time intervals. The aim of this paper is to determine the minimum electric field that must be applied for stable propagation of negative streamer discharge in nitrogen gas. As functions of position and time, the calculations provide detailed electron and ion density predictions, electric fields and density of space charges. The time interval was with a nanosecond resolution. Using 8000 element mesh to resolve the characteristics of the streamer, spatial re

Most real-life situations need some sort of approximation to fit mathematical models. The beauty of using topology in approximation is achieved via obtaining approximation for qualitative subgraphs without coding or using assumption. The aim of this paper is to apply near concepts in the -closure approximation spaces. The basic notions of near approximations are introduced and sufficiently illustrated. Near approximations are considered as mathematical tools to modify the approximations of graphs. Moreover, proved results, examples, and counterexamples are provided.

     The plasma source can restrict the motion of charges that are localizing in the non equilibrium distribution of charge energy and reducing the electrons transport across magnetic field . The electrons & ions motion are controlled by ambipolar electric field and charge–atom collision . the source density for a given electron temperature and a given ion are considered to evaluate the diffusion coefficient . the ambipolar diffusion coefficient and the cross field diffusion coefficient for charge transfer are calculated through magnetized plasma in a uniform magnetic  field , and an approximation ambipolar diffusion coefficient is evaluated. The result, showes how the diffusion process is gradually im

Background: Bone cutter is widely used in the
Middle east area to cut the prepuce during circumcision.

Results :One hundred twenty one male neonates
were included in this study.The mean operative
time (MOT) was 6 minutes, mean time of
healing (MTH) was 5 days, 7 cases (5.9%)
developed early & late complications, 2 (1.7%)
had bleeding, 3 (2.5%) developed infection, 2
(1.7%) developed late complications in the form
of meatal stenosis.
Settings:Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and a
private surgical clinic.
Aim of the study: To assess the safety of
circumcision using bone cutter.
Methods: Over 6 years period from Jan. 2000
till Dec. 2005, one hundred twenty one male
neonates were circumci

The development of better tools for diagnosis and more accurate prognosis of cancer includes the search for biomarkers; molecules whose presence, absence or change in quantity or structure is associated with a particular tumour or prognosis/therapeutic outcome. While biomarkers need not be functionally relevant, if cell survival, then they could also provide new targets for therapeutic drugs. In recent years attention has been applied to a group of proteins known as cancer testis antigens (CT antigens) [1]. These proteins are products of genes whose expression was normally confined to the testis, yet they are expressed in tumour cells. CT genes are bound to serve a wide array of roles in the testes, which have many highly differentiated cel