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موقف الكسائي من القراءات القرآنية في كتابه معاني القرآن
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      الحمد لله خالق الأكوان، وبارئ الإنسان، عظيم الشأن والإحسان، والصلاة والسلام على خاتم الأنبياء والمرسلين الصادق الأمين محمد وعلى آله الطيبين الطاهرين وعلى من سار على هديه بإحسان إلى يوم الدين.

      أما بعد ...

 فالقرآن الكريم هو ذروة الفصاحة والإعجاز والسلامة اللغوية يمثل بقراءاتهِ القرآنية المتعددة: المتواترة والشاذة والآحاد أصلا أصيلا للنحو العربي يحتج به في إقامة القواعد الكلية للســـان العربي. 

     وتبعاً لذلك فقد درسنا موقف الكسائي في كتابه معاني القرآن، الكتاب المفقود الذي أعاد بناءه وقدّم له الدّكتور عيسى شحاتة. ذكر الدّكتور محمود فهمي حجازي  في تقديمه للكتاب: "هذا الكتاب أعيد تكوينه بعد أن تلاشت مخطوطاته، ويمثل ضربا من العمل يكاد يضارع الكشف عن شيء ضائع، ويقدم كتابا ذا ملامح نرجح أن تكون أقرب إلى الأصل القديم. كتاب معاني القرآن للكسائي المُتوفَي نحو سنة )189هـ /805م) من أهم كتب الدّراسات اللغويّة للقرآن الكريم، وعلى منوالهِ قامت كتب أخرى أشهرها: معاني القرآن للفراء (المتوفى 207هـ /822م)، وأفادت منه كتب كثيرة في الدراسات اللغويّة والنحويّة والمعجميّة"(1)، وذكر أيضا أن كتب الطبقات والتراجم تنسب كتبا كثيرة للكسائي، ضاعت أكثر أصولها المخطوطة، ولم يُحقق سوى رسالة صغيره عنوانها: (كتاب ما يلحن فيه العوام) وصفها اللغويون بأنها أقدم رسالة في اللحن. وللكسائي كتبٌ أخرى لكنها لم تصل إلينا ذكرها ابن النديم(2) منها كتاب النوادر(3).

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2008
Journal Name
Alustath Journal For Human And Social Sciences
أثر المنشطات العقلية في أستراتيجيات التعلم و الدراسة و أنماط المعرفة الفيزيائية لدى طالبات الصف الرابع العام
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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Electronic trading system and its refletion in the trading of stock market indices –an analytical study of the Iraqi market for securities–
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The research aims at identify the role of the electronic trading system used in the Iraq stock exchange to promote trading activity for the stocks of listed companies in this market.

To prove the hypothesis of research, it was selected the main trading indicators for the market to be a main field in test the research hypothesis.it was selected as the period of time for (9)years span between the years (2005-2013) because they represent the first two articles of equal time periods represent aperiod that preceded the introduction of electronic trading system  while the second represents the period of time that followed 

The research found a number of conclusions but the mo

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Real-Time Cloth Simulation on Virtual Human Character Using Enhanced Position Based Dynamic Framework Technique
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     Cloth simulation and animation has been the topic of research since the mid-80's in the field of computer graphics. Enforcing incompressible is very important in real time simulation. Although, there are great achievements in this regard, it still suffers from unnecessary time consumption in certain steps that is common in real time applications.   This research develops a real-time cloth simulator for a virtual human character (VHC) with wearable clothing. This research achieves success in cloth simulation on the VHC through enhancing the position-based dynamics (PBD) framework by computing a series of positional constraints which implement constant densities. Also, the self-collision and collision wit

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 14 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Monitoring Indicators for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health at Sub Primary Health Care Centers in Baghdad City: An Evaluative Study
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Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the application of monitoring indicators for maternal, newborn and
child health through the evaluation of impact and coverage health indicators and to evaluate the usefulness of the
application of these indicators at sub primary health care centers in Baghdad City.
Methodology: A descriptive comparative design, which is using the evaluation approach, has been steered at
Sub Primary Health Centers of Baghdad City in order to evaluate the application; impact and coverage, and the
usefulness of monitoring indicators for maternal, newborn and child health from December 4th 2017 to April 29th
2018. A multistage, "non-probability" convenient, sample is selected for the present study. A t

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 20 2019
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Article The problem of nuclear proliferation and its impact on the formula of strategic balance in the Middle East after the events of September 11, 2001
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The issue of nuclear proliferation is one of the most vital issues as it reflects a form of dealing in the field of international relations. Therefore, the Middle East region has taken great interest in reducing the levels of nuclear armament and acquiring nuclear power within the strategic framework of the international and regional powers. The establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East region is currently one of the most important international and regional arrangements for controlling the levels of nuclear proliferation and attempting to build a state of stability and balance. In the Middle East and the world. The importance of the research comes from the fact that it deals with an important and vital issue

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Impact of Empowerment Human Strategy on Enhancing the Financial Performance: Empirical study on Working Banks in Jordan
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This study aimed at recognizing the impact of empowerment of human resources strategy on enhancing the financial performance in working banks in Jordan, the axes of the strategy were: informative sharing, free and independence, working teams, and organizational power. To achieve the objective of the study, a questionnaire is designed and distributed on the sample of the study, which represented 60 employees of Banks. After analyzing the data by using SPSS, the study resulted that there is positive impact of empowerment of human resources strategy on enhancing the financial performance in working banks in Jordan. It suggested that the working banks in Jordan should establish database, and to create working teams.

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 16 2022
Journal Name
جامعة بغداد/ كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - ابن الهيثم
أثر استراتيجية التدريس البصري باستخدام الانـفوجرافيك في التحصيل والتفكير البصري لدى طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة فـي مادة الرياضيات
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أثر استراتيجية التدريس البصري باستخدام الانـفوجرافيك في التحصيل والتفكير البصري لدى طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة فـي مادة الرياضيات

Publication Date
Wed May 18 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
Employ Computer Technology (Power Point( For Development of Technical Skills for Students of Education Technical Material in Colors: اخلاص هاشم عودة
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Resulted in scientific and technological developments to the emergence of changes in the educational process and methods of teaching modern formats commensurate with the level of mental retardation. Which called for educational institutions, including the University of Baghdad / College of Fine Arts to urge and guide researchers to study and follow-up of recent developments in the educational process in order to develop in the fine arts in general and technical education in particular being play an important role in achieving educational goals. The educational methods of modern educational require effort-intensive and advanced for the development of technical skills among students, and thus worked researcher to employ computer technology

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Administrative competencies in many of Iraqi public Organizations: comparative study.
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Competencies topic in general , and Administrative competencies in specific, are considered as important subject in the contemporary administrative literature in all countries as well as in public and privet Organizations. For this reason, we have need to study those competencies in many Iraqi Organizations.

Two Organizations wer chosen for this research one of them is the Institution of taxation, and the other is the General company of Electric the data and information related to the research have been collected by desined questioner which has been given to a sample of (50) persions divided eqully between the two maintioned organizations.

The results of the study had differences

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Measurement of economic returns and environmental and social for green sector trade A prospective study in institutions of Basra to focus on the electricity sector
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        Environmental risk growing Become challenge "and a matter of controversy and concern to many of those concerned with environment, social, economic, and the same happens with the administrative rather than in isolation for this movement, as the issues of climate change Disturbed and troubled him, especially after what caused the risk of destruction, and irresponsibility , chaos, and the futility of resources, crops, fields,  nature and homes and reactors, and after what happened in Japan from the scourge of "Hurricane tsunami " and earthquakes successive accompanied him and what became of him by surprise catastrophic affected the economy and the univ

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