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موقف الكسائي من القراءات القرآنية في كتابه معاني القرآن

      الحمد لله خالق الأكوان، وبارئ الإنسان، عظيم الشأن والإحسان، والصلاة والسلام على خاتم الأنبياء والمرسلين الصادق الأمين محمد وعلى آله الطيبين الطاهرين وعلى من سار على هديه بإحسان إلى يوم الدين.

      أما بعد ...

 فالقرآن الكريم هو ذروة الفصاحة والإعجاز والسلامة اللغوية يمثل بقراءاتهِ القرآنية المتعددة: المتواترة والشاذة والآحاد أصلا أصيلا للنحو العربي يحتج به في إقامة القواعد الكلية للســـان العربي. 

     وتبعاً لذلك فقد درسنا موقف الكسائي في كتابه معاني القرآن، الكتاب المفقود الذي أعاد بناءه وقدّم له الدّكتور عيسى شحاتة. ذكر الدّكتور محمود فهمي حجازي  في تقديمه للكتاب: "هذا الكتاب أعيد تكوينه بعد أن تلاشت مخطوطاته، ويمثل ضربا من العمل يكاد يضارع الكشف عن شيء ضائع، ويقدم كتابا ذا ملامح نرجح أن تكون أقرب إلى الأصل القديم. كتاب معاني القرآن للكسائي المُتوفَي نحو سنة )189هـ /805م) من أهم كتب الدّراسات اللغويّة للقرآن الكريم، وعلى منوالهِ قامت كتب أخرى أشهرها: معاني القرآن للفراء (المتوفى 207هـ /822م)، وأفادت منه كتب كثيرة في الدراسات اللغويّة والنحويّة والمعجميّة"(1)، وذكر أيضا أن كتب الطبقات والتراجم تنسب كتبا كثيرة للكسائي، ضاعت أكثر أصولها المخطوطة، ولم يُحقق سوى رسالة صغيره عنوانها: (كتاب ما يلحن فيه العوام) وصفها اللغويون بأنها أقدم رسالة في اللحن. وللكسائي كتبٌ أخرى لكنها لم تصل إلينا ذكرها ابن النديم(2) منها كتاب النوادر(3).

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2006
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
L'image de l'Arabe et l'attitude d'Albert Camus envers la question algérienne dans sa nouvelle "L'Hôte" de son recueil "L'Exil et le Royaume" : Une étude analytique

Parmi les oeuvres d'Albert Camus, qui s'éloignent un peu de sa
tendance générale qui traite les thèmes de l'absurde ,du néant et de la
question de la mort , on trouve son recueil "l'Exil et le Royaume" 1957
qui contient six nouvelles qui sont d'une invention moins épouvantable
(le Renégat , la Femme adultère , les Muets , le Pierre qui pousse , l'Hôte
et Jonas). Ces nouvelles , à l'exception du "Renégat" , ne provoquent pas
les questions philosophiques et dialectiques qui dominent la plupart des
oeuvres d'Albert Camus , Mais ces nouvelles traitent tout simplement la
question d'homme exilé dans son existence et sa recherche perpétuelle
de son royaume.

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 08 2019
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
استخلاص عامل التلزن ( اللكتين ) من بكتريا لخلاياEnterococcus faecalis EM1 ودوره في تلزن انواع من البكتريا السالبة لملون غرام

استخلص عامل التلزن من E. faecalis EM1 بعد تكسير بالكرات الزجاجية والترسيب بالكحول الاثيلي , واجري فحص التلزن وقياسه لمستخلص لخلايا  E. faecalis  مع انواع من البكتريا السالبة لصبغة غرام تضمنت     Escherichia coli  و Klebsiella  pneumonia  و Serratia marcescens   و Pseudomonase aeruginosa و Salmonella typhi , بينت النتائج ان اعلى نسبة تلزن للخلايا والمستخلص تكون مع بكتريا    ٍK. Pneumonia  حيث بلغ66.5 % مقارنة بالسيطرة79.5 % , واوطا قيمة للتلز

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 18 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Mixed Micelles of Binary Mixtures of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfate and Tween 80 Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions

In the present work, the surface properties of mixed binary surfactants containing sodium dodecylbenzene sulfate (SDBS) and Tween 80 (TW80) surfactants in aqueous solutions were studied at temperature 293 K using surface tension measurements. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) magnitude for both individual surfactants and their mixtures were established the obtained results revealed  that the magnitude of cmc of the mixtures are less than the magnitude of individual surfactants and decrease with the increase in Tween 80 percent in solution which indicate the nonideal  mixing of the two surfactants. The values of molecular interaction parameters  and the mole fraction of surfactants in the micelle (X1) were calculated

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 15 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The Historical Context of Migration in Morocco to Europe: from Forced Migration to Irregular Migration : Study in International Law

Considering that migration is moving to live from one place to another, with an intention in the place that was intended for a long time, due to the frequent movement of individuals from one place to another, and due to the different purpose of migration, we find external migration classified into legalized and irregular migration, and the reasons The growth of illegal immigration is due to economic,  social, and psychological motives, and therefore we find that it has multiple effects, both on the country hosting immigrants in terms of economic, security, social and health terms, or on the level of organizing international relations between countries, so countries sought to mitigate this phenomenon and deal with immigrants As stipu

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 04 2015
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
Study the optimum conditions for production of inulunase from isolate Kluyveromyces marxianus AY2.: Study the optimum conditions for production of inulunase from isolate Kluyveromyces marxianus AY2.

Results showed that the optimum conditions for production of inulunase from isolate Kluyveromyces marxianus AY2 by submerged culture could be achieved by using inulin as carbon source at a concentration of 2% with mixture of yeast extract and ammonium sulphate in a ratio of 1:1 in a concentration of 1% at initial pH 5.5 after incubation for 42 hours at 30ºC.

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The application of extent of quality management standards control Labor and its impact in reducing cases administrative corruption

Concentrated research topic in the study of key variables in the work of the inspectors general offices , which are in the application of quality management standards audit work and reduce the incidence of corruption. It highlights the importance of current research in being a serious attempt aimed at highlighting the role of the importance of standards of quality management audit work , because they represent a router and leader of the accountant or ( Sergeant ) in the performance of his work and the extent of compliance with these standards , as well as highlight the role of quality audit in reducing the incidence of corruption , of during the professional performance of Higher auditors and determine the responsibilities entrus

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 04 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
CHIA SEEDS ARE USED TO PRODUCE GLUTEN-FREE BISCUITS: CHIA SEEDS ARE USED TO PRODUCE GLUTEN-FREE BISCUITS

White and black chia seeds were used in some food products, such us gluten –free biscuits processing by using rice flour and chia seeds (white and black) with these amonths 112.5, 74.25, 56.25, 27.5 g with 27.5g of quinoa seeds for treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively, and comparison sensitively with the control treatment which has no additions including the appearance and homogenization of the product, surface cracks, softness, taste and flavor, core color and the specific volume, some microbiological tests were performed for biscuit product after storage for 4 months at 30 and 50°C including bacterial total count and fungal and yeast count, results showed that there weren’t any observation of bacteria or yeast or fungal growth at

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Uptake of Three Pharmaceuticals by Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Contaminated Soils: امتصاص ثلاثة انواع من الادوية بواسطة نبات الفاصولياء في التربة الملوثة

The ability of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to uptake three pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, mefenamic acid and metronidazole) from two types of soil (clay and sandy soil) was investigated in this study to explore the human exposure to these pharmaceuticals via the consumption of beans. A pot experiment was conducted with beans plants which were grown in two types of soil for six weeks under controlled conditions. During the experiment period, the soil pore water was collected weekly and the concentrations of the test compounds in soil pore water as well as in plant organs (roots, stems and leaves) were weekly determined.
The results showed that the studied pharmaceuticals were detected in all plant tissues; their concentration

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 31 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
EFFECT OF LOCAL HONEY PRODUCTION AREAS ON ITS CONTENT OF SOME HEAVY METALS: EFFECT OF LOCAL HONEY PRODUCTION AREAS ON ITS CONTENT OF SOME HEAVY METALS

This study was conducted to estimate some heavy metals cadmium, lead, nickel and iron in 15 samples of Iraqi honey with 3 replicates for each sample which were collected from apiaries near potential contamination areas in five Iraqi governorates, including Baghdad, Karbala, Babylon, Diyala and Salah al-Din. The atomic absorption technique was used to estimate the concentrations of heavy metals, the results showed that there were significant differences at (P≤0.05) between the concentrations of these elements in the honey samples, the highest concentrations of cadmium 0.123 mg/kg were recorded in Baghdad, near the petrochemical production complex, lead 4.657 mg/kg and nickel 0.023 mg/kg in Babylon near the power plant, iron was

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 25 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF NIFEDIPINEIN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION: FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF NIFEDIPINEIN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION

A new simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for quantification of Nifedipine (NIF) and their pharmaceutical formulation. The selective method was performed by the reduction of NIF nitro group to yield primary amino group using zinc powder with hydrochloric acid. The produced aromatic amine was submitted to oxidative coupling reaction with pyrocatechol and ammonium ceric nitrate to form orange color product measured spectrophotometrically with maximum absorption at 467nm. The product was determined through flow injection analysis (FIA) system and all the chemical and physical parameters were optimized. The concentration range from 5.0 to 140.0 μg.mL-1 was obeyed Beer’s law with a limit of detection and quantitatio

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