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موقف الكسائي من القراءات القرآنية في كتابه معاني القرآن
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      الحمد لله خالق الأكوان، وبارئ الإنسان، عظيم الشأن والإحسان، والصلاة والسلام على خاتم الأنبياء والمرسلين الصادق الأمين محمد وعلى آله الطيبين الطاهرين وعلى من سار على هديه بإحسان إلى يوم الدين.

      أما بعد ...

 فالقرآن الكريم هو ذروة الفصاحة والإعجاز والسلامة اللغوية يمثل بقراءاتهِ القرآنية المتعددة: المتواترة والشاذة والآحاد أصلا أصيلا للنحو العربي يحتج به في إقامة القواعد الكلية للســـان العربي. 

     وتبعاً لذلك فقد درسنا موقف الكسائي في كتابه معاني القرآن، الكتاب المفقود الذي أعاد بناءه وقدّم له الدّكتور عيسى شحاتة. ذكر الدّكتور محمود فهمي حجازي  في تقديمه للكتاب: "هذا الكتاب أعيد تكوينه بعد أن تلاشت مخطوطاته، ويمثل ضربا من العمل يكاد يضارع الكشف عن شيء ضائع، ويقدم كتابا ذا ملامح نرجح أن تكون أقرب إلى الأصل القديم. كتاب معاني القرآن للكسائي المُتوفَي نحو سنة )189هـ /805م) من أهم كتب الدّراسات اللغويّة للقرآن الكريم، وعلى منوالهِ قامت كتب أخرى أشهرها: معاني القرآن للفراء (المتوفى 207هـ /822م)، وأفادت منه كتب كثيرة في الدراسات اللغويّة والنحويّة والمعجميّة"(1)، وذكر أيضا أن كتب الطبقات والتراجم تنسب كتبا كثيرة للكسائي، ضاعت أكثر أصولها المخطوطة، ولم يُحقق سوى رسالة صغيره عنوانها: (كتاب ما يلحن فيه العوام) وصفها اللغويون بأنها أقدم رسالة في اللحن. وللكسائي كتبٌ أخرى لكنها لم تصل إلينا ذكرها ابن النديم(2) منها كتاب النوادر(3).

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Developmental Role of Social Work in Reducing Social Extremism:A Field Study in Baghdad University-College of Mass Communication as a Model: محمد حميد علوان
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This study deals with the role that social work profession plays in all its fields to reduce social extremismat home, or school or within society. The study aims to: examine the historical roots of social work in the Iraqi society, investigate the objectives of the developmental role of social work, review the theories of social extremism, its characteristics, and causes, and to analyze the developmental role of social work to limit social extremism. To meet the objectives of the study, a descriptive analytical approach has been adopted. It involves using the social sampling survey method, i.e., a questionnaire tool in the University of Baghdad community-College of Media. The sample was randomly selected to include (100) students from th

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Job involvement for workers and its influence in Crystallize organizational Identification (An analytical research of the opinions of a sample of workers in the Middle East, the Iraqi Investment Bank)
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Abstract:

     The current research is aimed at analyzing the impact of the dimensions of Job involvement of all of (the enthusiasm, the Devotion, Assimilation ) in the Crystallize organizational Identification across the dimensions of (organizational loyalty, membership, similarities) and was named the Middle East, the Iraqi Investment Bank room to look as the research community of staff adopted in the bank, to be applied to a Random sample of (100) employees working in the said bank, and developed for the purposes of data collection, a questionnaire form included three axes covered (32) paragraph of the measure, which is included adopted Liekrt Quintet for the

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The contribution of the tax authorities to increase the tax revenues: An applied research on a sample of the supporting bodies in the health sector for the period 1998-2008
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the research was exposed to a study the importance of the role of the supportive entities in providing the useful information to the tax administration and their ability to extend the level of the tax base of taxpayers, through the improvement of the tax payers determination and their tax settle for the purpose of increasing the tax revenue, and shed light on the legal evidence through which these entities become officially assigned to perform a supplementary task to the General Committee for Taxes GCT, to help it to perform its task efficiently, and to study the reasons of the weak cooperation of the supportive entities and their reluctance to provide useful information which leads to limiting the tax base.

The research data hav

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 22 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The effect of insider trading in accounting information on the investors decisions: An Applied Study In a sample of corporation listed in Iraq Securities Exchange
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This research aims to discuss an important issue because of its role in increasing the efficiency of financial markets and boost investor confidence by a insider trading, which arises as a result of leaking secret information to some investors and reliable in the process of trading shares in the Iraq Stock Exchange And thus obtain abnormal profits at the expense of other investors. Research was based on the assumption that " Where shortcomings in local regulations relating to disclosure and insider trading in accounting information leads to the activate the phenomenon of insider trading in accounting information in the Iraq Stock Exchange and including a negative impact on investors' decisions ". and Because of the difficulty the discove

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Banking Governance According to the principles of the Basel Committee and its impact on the achievement of the strategic objectives of banks Study in a sample of private commercial banks Iraqi
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     This study aims to impact statement played by banking governance according to the decisions of the Basel Committee in achieving the strategic objectives of the banks, But order to achieve the this goal has been the adoption of two hypotheses in addition to the two main hypotheses as sub answered preliminary The study seeks to verify their health and two (no correlation relationship and impact between Banking  governance and achieve strategic objectives), has been tested hypotheses. Study has reached

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 23 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Actual Use of Instructional Technology in Teaching History Subject in the Colleges of Education for Humanities from the of the College Staff Members' Perspectives and their Attitudes Towards Them
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The study aims at knowing the actual uses of instructional technology in teaching history subject in the colleges of education for humanities from the college staff members' perspectives and their attitudes towards it. The sample of the study consisted of (24) instructors from the Colleges of Education for the Humanities, the College of Basic Education- Haditha and the College of Education for Women, the study used the descriptive method, and the questionnaire was consisted of (50) items, and the psychometric properties of the instrument of the study were extracted. The researchers used the appropriate statistical means to analyze the data, and the results of the study showed the following: the teaching staff attitudes towards the use of

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The effect of organizational learning dimensions on availability of learning organization dimensions in Iraqi planning ministry
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The aim of this research to study.

The dimensions of organizational learning have been defined(learning dynamics, individuals empowerment, knowledge management and technology application) as well as the dimensions of learning organization have been defined (culture values, knowledge transfer, communication and employee characteristics), Asset completion questionnaire was used to collect data of this research from a purposely sample represent forty employees who works in Iraqi Planning Ministry at different positions. The research divided to four parts :

The first to the research methodology, the second to the theoretical review o

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Audit strategies and their role in the quality of the business audit
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Increased the need to promote the profession of auditing, and improving the performance of the audit process, which comes through the effective implementation of its tasks, where the auditor collects the necessary data about the nature of client activity, and any other information it deems necessary to carry out the planning and development of the strategy for how to determine the procedures for implementing the audit process and the scope and timing for evidence clues in order to form an opinion technician neutral about the fairness of the financial statements, as required by the standards of the field work of the planning and supervision of the internal control and evidence to prove, but the failure of the auditor whether in th

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 03 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Standards of creditworthiness of customers and their impact on the liquidity of Iraqi private: Applied research in a sample of Iraqi private commercial banks
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Customers' creditworthiness standards are the key means employed by private commercial banks in assigning a suitable credit assessment for each customer. Accordingly, it had an instrumental role in indicating the degree of solvency of the potential customer before granting the required credit. The research problem reveals the nature of the relationship between the criteria of customer’s creditworthiness and banking liquidity. The most critical objectives of the study shed light on the role of using creditworthiness criteria as a tool for credit analysis of customers by banks that help reducing credit risks and thus increase banking liquidity. The questionnaire that was distributed to bank employees, the research sample, which w

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Decision Making Styles And their effect on Performance Excellence the university" An exploratory search for a sample of the administrative leaderships in the Mustansiriya University"
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   Addressed this research the impact of intelligence emotional dimensions of the main(self awareness, and self-management, and social awareness, and relationship management) in the performance excellence the university(performance optimization, and strategic development) this is by middling the styles decision making which are (rational and intuitive, and dependent, and spontaneous, and avoidant), and Go search of an intellectual dilemma raise fundamental questions revolve around the search was to answer those questions through a theoretical framework for search variables first and test models of the relationship and second through the impact six hypotheses President.The objective of the research to make sure the contr

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