Reading strategies are of interest for what they reveal about the ways readers manage their interaction with written texts and how these strategies are related to text understanding, acquisition ,storage ,and retrieval of information .In EFL comprehension lessons, the students try to work out interpretations of the meaning related to the written word through the usage of different comprehension strategies. Yet, there are moments where the participants in the classroom fail to reach a successful understanding of the passage read despite the guidance of the teacher. The present research aims at investigating and identifying moments of comprehension failure and reasons behind them .It also aims at specifying the different strategies used in terms of type and number of occurrences. It is hypothesized that some students in EFL classrooms fail to understand parts of written texts because they do not use any kind of strategy at particular stages of the comprehension process. The samples selected for the research are the two sections of first year students in the Department of English language, College of Arts and Letters in Cihan University. Each section included 30 students who study comprehension as a basic course ,through their first academic year, in an average of 3 hours per week. Eight comprehension lessons have been recorded and the passages discussed during these lessons , were chosen from the students' text book ‘’Practice & Progress’’ by L.G. Alexander, 1967. The research provides a brief overview of the studies related to the process of reading comprehension .It also illustrates the ways many linguists identified the factors contributing to understanding written texts during the previous years. This is followed by mentioning the general strategies that are used by learners of the English language with explanation of their meaning and role in comprehending written texts. Section two presents the analysis of the recorded lessons. Though the discussions of eight passages were recorded, only three of them were included in the research due to shortage of space. Moments of comprehension failure are specified by the letters (CF) with reference to the reason. Types of strategies used during the lessons are identified as well. Finally, it is concluded that the students sometimes fail to grasp the meaning of some lines or parts of a text because they don't use certain strategies .The analysis of the lessons also shows that the strategies that are mostly used by the students, in their attempt to understand what they read, are: using prior knowledge, inferring meaning, questioning, visualizing, and determining importance which are used in sequence and number of occurrences that differ from one text to another .On the other hand, strategies like synthesizing and summarizing are hardly ever used in some texts and never used in others. The research also illustrates the significant role of the teacher that contributes to the students’ critical thinking and understanding of the written text
The aim of this investigation was to prepare pies stuffed with ground veal as different level of Textured Soy Protein (TSP) that wetted, minced and replaced at (0, 15, 20, 25 and 30%). The effect of partial substitution for veal with TSP quality, sensory characteristics such as color and homogenizing of the stuffing, taste, flavor, juiciness and overall acceptability was evaluated by taste panel. The obtained results showed that product prepared with replaced 15 and 20% were acceptable by panel taste without significant differences compared to control. The values of taste panel score dropped as the rate partial replacement increased a level of TSP 25 and 30% as compared to control. It can be concluded the possibility of using manufacture
... Show MoreThis research aims at identifying the effect of problem solving strategy on the achievement of Kurdish language grammer of femal students at the fourth preperatory school. To achieve the study aims , the researcher has chosen intentionally this sample to apply the experiement . The study sample cosists 0f (58) female students distributed randomly on two groups. The experiemental group is taught according to problem- solving strategy and it is (29) female students, while the control group which is also (29) individuals is taught according to the traditional way of teaching . The two groups have been matched statistically in term of age , the academic achievement for the father and mother , intelligence, and the linguistic ability. The exp
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The study aimed to prepare a practical guide for procedures for auditing the strategies of municipal institutions in achieving sustainable development by adopting the idea of the audit matrix through which a classified report is prepared according to the dimensions of sustainable development, by preparing a specialized audit program for the purpose of auditing strategies for achieving sustainable development and emptying the results of the application of each of the paragraphs The program in the audit matrix that was prepared for the purpose of determining the impact of each observation and linkin
... Show MoreThe research targets exploring the designs of the kindergartens’ libraries in Baghdad for the perspective of the teachers as well as possible methods of improvements, considering the importance of this type of furniture for the child and its vital role in getting the child into the habit of reading and browsing, since the kindergarten library is the first of its kind that the child encounters in his life, if the relationship between the child and the library is of a positive type the experience with both printed and non-printed materials will be joyful and this type of relationship continues and strengthen with all other types of libraries over time. To achieve the goals of the research, the researcher prepared a focused survey sheet t
... Show MoreFocused research problem that every work of any kind or size has signs indicating it and reveal the nature of either positive aims to achieve the objectives of the organization or a negative intersects with and contrasts with the context and style is the of work, as much as we care to fulfill the positive initiatives and seek to activate it and it to expect of them development of work and approach of the target by most direct route, we should take care also and just the sane, if not larger by indicators and negative actions because it is the way and means to detect imbalances cases that prevent achieving the desired objectives, or cause waste of money, effort, time, and therefore dispersion energies, efforts and wasted resources wit
... Show MoreDuring the kingdom period between 1925-1958 fifty two member of parliament were elected representingHilla governorate. Only twenty nine of them were from Hilla that cause of choosing a member was according to qualifications of that era to play vole in Iraqi policy. Some of house qualifications related to tribes or privately of family. Other important causes of choosing a member depended on relationship to political parfait or holding scientific degree, in addition some members filled positions in the government such as being previous minster which gave him special distinction to be chosen as amember. Some other were members of the senate, here we should refer to the article no,63 of Iraqi constitution which imposes that any minister
... Show Morethe Current research aims to identify the psychological stressors coping strategies and their relationship to the cognitive motivation among Al-Anbar University students through the following hypotheses: 1) no statistically significant differences at a level (0.05) among the sample according to the instrumental support strategy depending on the variable type and specialization, 2) No statistically significant differences at a level (0.05) among the sample in regard of coping avoiding strategy depending on the variable type and specialization, 3) There is no statistically significant difference at a level (0.05) in cognitive motivation level among Al-Anbar University students, 4) No statistically significant differences at a level (0.05)
... Show MoreThis study examines postgraduate students’ awareness of pragmatic aspects, including Grice Maxims, Politeness, and Direct and Indirect forms of speech. According to Paul Grice’s theory of implicature, which is considered one of the most important contributions to pragmatics, this paper discusses how postgraduate students can meet the cooperative principle when communicating effectively. It also outlines how does politeness principles influence obeying or violating the maxims and how is the use of direct or indirect forms of utterances prompted by politeness. Sixteen master’s students of Linguistics and Literature were asked to take a multiple-choice test. The test will be represented along with the interpretation of each optio
... Show MoreThis paper investigates the performance evaluation of two state feedback controllers, Pole Placement (PP) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR). The two controllers are designed for a Mass-Spring-Damper (MSD) system found in numerous applications to stabilize the MSD system performance and minimize the position tracking error of the system output. The state space model of the MSD system is first developed. Then, two meta-heuristic optimizations, Simulated Annealing (SA) optimization and Ant Colony (AC) optimization are utilized to optimize feedback gains matrix K of the PP and the weighting matrices Q and R of the LQR to make the MSD system reach stabilization and reduce the oscillation of the response. The Matlab softwar
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This investigation was carrid out to utilize whey and rice in manufacturing nutritious product with therapeutic virtue . The rice cooked with whey in a ratio 1:10 w/w, then the product was fermented by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starters that comprise each Lb.acidophilus (Lb.a),Lb.casie(Lb.c) and their mixes at ratios: 1a:1c ;2a:1c ; 1a;2c . The five different starters were used separately in processing fermented products . The best fermentation period was 2 days as hieghest therapeutic bacterial counts were resulted . Antibacterial activity of LAB filtrate from fermented products were obtained before drying and after drying them after 3 months of storage. The tested bacteria were Staph.aureus, E.coli ,and B.subtilis The results reveald
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