The study consisted in the development and use of a practical method to detect and
monitor, analyze and produce maps of changes in land use and land cover in the district of
Mahmudiya in Baghdad during the period 1990-2007 using the applications of remote sensing
techniques and with the assisstant of geographic information systems (GIS),as a valuable
contribution to land degradation studies.
This study is based maiuly on the processing on two subsets of landsat5 TM images picked up
in August 1990 and 2007 respectively in order to facilitate comparision and were thengeometrically and radiometrcally calibrated ,to used for digital classification purposes using
maximum liklihoods classification or six spectral bands of both images as input (with the
thermal bands being excluded)for procedures of change detection proposed, as well as the use
of installation chromatograpiy analysis and visual interpretation using spectral bands (2,4,7)
and (2,3,4) respectively for the preparation of a maps foe the patterns of land cover and land
uses in the study area.
Change detection results showed an increase in the area of class urban areas, in the year
1990, the area of this product 9.8 km 2, and in the year 2007 has become a 60.9 km 2 area of
the image, and an increase in the area of class agricultural land unexploited In 1990, the area
of this product 1290.50 km 2, and the year 2007 has become a 1610.33 km2 of the image, and
increase the area of classified land saline, in the year 1990, the area of this product 183.27 km
2, and in the year 2007 has become a 328.31 km2 of the image as well as an increase in the
area of class cover the water, in the year 1990 was space This product was 46.2 km 2, and in
the year 2007 has become a 62.5 km 2 of the area of the image, on the other hand decreased
space class vegetation In 1990, the area of this product 1140 km 2, and in the year 2007 has
become a 575.31 km 2, and also a decrease in class of arid lands In the year 1990, the area of
this product 407.12 km 2, and in the year 2007 has become a 261.95 km 2 area of the image.
The results revealed the reasous of land degradation in the district of Mahmudiya It
showed that the reason for an increase in the cover of water is an increase in human
activities,including the increase in artificial lakes, fish, this is important reason of land
degradation to decrease in a agriculture area, and this led decline to increased salinization of
the soil, either decrease in the arid land was due to the increase of urban land at the expense of
the land reclamation has happened in these arid lands
Keywords : land degradation , Remote Sensing , land covor , land use.
Abstract  
... Show More
In this study, two types of local plants were chosen, the first is the plant golden pothos Epipremnum aureum and the second is the Iraqi Sheikh's chin plant Tribulus terrestris L, for the purpose of making a comparison between them in terms of their possession of chemical groups with antioxidant activity in order to use them as a natural alternative to using antioxidants Industrial that cause negative effects on human health, the samples were prepared using the method of water and alcohol extraction (ethanol 70%) for both plants. It revealed the presence of a number of chemical groups (tannins, carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids) for both plants, the aqueous and alcoholic extracts. Coumarins are only found in the sheikh's chin pl
... Show More
(1)
Groundwater is an important resource that can be used for various purposes. Various factors can change the chemistry of the GW, such as the chemical composition of an aquifer as well as the leaching of human waste into groundwater. The study area is a barren land covered by some sabkhas, in addition to some agricultural fields. The study aims to assess groundwater quality for drinking purposes using the Water Quality Index. The groundwater is chemically heterogeneous and has a wide quality range from very poor to excellent. Evaporation appears to be the controlling factor among the other shallow waters, while relatively deep water is related to rock-soil dominance. Rocks, land use and land cover have helped control the groundwater q
... Show More
(4)
Abstract
At any moment, the continuous usage of medications can accompanied by DNA damage and the accumulation of such damages can cause serious consequences. Antidepressants are long-term used drugs and the incidence of their genotoxic impacts cannot be excluded. Therefore, this work was designed to investigate the possible genotoxic effects of the commonly used antidepressants (fluoxetine and amitriptyline) in adult male rats.
Detection of DNA damage in individual cells was assessed by comet and micronucleus assays in three different cell populations i.e. liver, testis and bone marrow tissues of 24 swiss albino adult male rats. The animals were randomly allocated into three groups of 8 rats ea
... Show More
(2)
(2)
The purpose of the study is the city of Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, was chosen to study the spectral reflection of the land cover and to determine the changes taking place in the areas of the main features of the city using the temporal resolution of multispectral bands of the satellite Landsat 5 and 8 for MSS and OLI sensors respectively belonging to NASA and for the period 1999-2021, and calculating the increase and decrease in the basic features of Baghdad. The main conclusions of the study were, This study from 1999 to 2021 and in two different seasons: the Spring of the growing season and Summer the dry season. When using the supervised classification method to determine the differences, the results showed remarkable changes. Where h
... Show MoreAbstract
This research aims to design a multi-objective mathematical model to assess the project quality based on three criteria: time, cost and performance. This model has been applied in one of the major projects formations of the Saad Public Company which enables to completion the project on time at an additional cost that would be within the estimated budget with a satisfactory level of the performance which match with consumer requirements. The problem of research is to ensure that the project is completed with the required quality Is subject to constraints, such as time, cost and performance, so this requires prioritizing multiple goals. The project
... Show More
Most dinoflagellate had a resting cyst in their life cycle. This cyst was developed in unfavorable environmental condition. The conventional method for identifying dinoflagellate cyst in natural sediment requires morphological observation, isolating, germinating and cultivating the cysts. PCR is a highly sensitive method for detecting dinoflagellate cyst in the sediment. The aim of this study is to examine whether CO1 primer could detect DNA of multispecies dinoflagellate cysts in the sediment from our sampling sites. Dinoflagellate cyst DNA was extracted from 16 sediment samples. PCR method using COI primer was running. The sequencing of dinoflagellate cyst DNA was using BLAST. Results showed that there were two clades of dinoflag
... Show More
(4)
(2)
This study aimed identify the teachers of sociology. In the development of creative thinking. I have students in middle school .llvra literary. In schools. Second Karkh From the perspective of the teachers and the students themselves numbered (41), a teacher and a school. As The study population encompassed of some students the fourth and fifth preparatory stage in the Karkh II schools, totaling 200 male and female students. As the study sample were consisted of (7) and a teacher (34) and accented (85) of male students (115) were female student The researcher the questionnaire which consisted of (39) items And to achieve the objectives of the study it was ascertained sincerity And stability. And
... Show MoreThe objective of this study is to evaluate the level of parathyroid hormone, Co enzyme Q and total antioxidant status in serum’s women with fibromyalgia syndrome firstly, then to demonstrate if these biochemical markers affected by age and obesity.
This study was performed at Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Consultation Unit in Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Venous blood sample were drawn from (59) female with FMS and (30) control (without FMS). The serum was obtained after on standing in order to coagulate then centrifuged. The mean age± SD of FMS group was (42.22±15.34) years and for control was (40.7±18.22) years. Those participants were subdivided into four different groups acc
... Show More
(1)
The research aims to find out the impact of wages and benefits systems on the performance of employees, which included the research community on a sample of employees in the company, and the sample consisted of (50) employees and an employee, A questionnaire composed as prepared (23) paragraph, use the promised statistically methods in data collected by the questionnaire analysis. The research reached a number of results, the most prominent of which were: There is a correlation between wage systems, benefits and performance of employees, and the presence of the impact of the systems of wages and benefits to the performance of employees. The research was presented a set of recommendations including: increasing the effectiveness of
... Show More