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The Effect of Acidity Level on Ions Released and Corrosion of Metal Orthodontic Appliances at Different Time Intervals (An In vitro Study)
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ABSTRACT Background: This study measured the effects of three parameters pH value, length of immersion and type of archwire on metal ions released from orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: Ninety maxillary halves simulated fixed orthodontic appliances that were immersed in artificial saliva of different pH values (6.75, 5 and 3.5) during 28 day period. Three types of archwires were used: stainless steel, nickel titanium and thermal activated nickel titanium. The quantity of nickel and chromium ions was determined with the use of atomic force spectrophotometer while iron ions by spectrophotometer. Each orthodontic set was weighted two times, before the ligation and immersion in the artificial saliva and after 28 days at the end of immersion period using analytic balance device. Results: The release different metal ions was observed: nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe)). Statistically analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were used. Results showed that (1) the appliances released measurable quantities ofall ions examined; (2) the change in pH had a very strong effect on the release of ions; (3) the release of ions was dependent on wire composition, but it was not proportionalto the content of metal in the wire and (4) orthodontic samples showed decreases in the weight at the end of the study. Conclusion: Levels of released ions are sufficient to cause delayed allergic reactions. This must be taken into account when type of archwire is selected, especially in patients with hypersensitivityor compromised oral hygiene.

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 26 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
The Effect of Exercises With Aiding Devices Using Consistent Style on Developing Motor Response Speed in Female Basketball Players U14
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Publication Date
Thu Feb 26 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
The Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercises Combined with Superset Pyramid on Maximal Strength in Classic Physique Athletes’ Lower Extremities
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Takir some study of environmental factors on the weight of some phases of the screwworm fly the ancient world
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The weight of larvae virgins and Alcamlat for males more than the weight of females of the roles themselves that the highest rate of loss in weight of larvae developed to virgins when field conditions were (21.5,22,21.3) mg during June and July and August respectively, recorded the highest degrees of heat and less attributed to moisture

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Publication Date
Thu May 06 2010
Journal Name
Dirasat, Pure Sciences
A Study of the Effects of the Solar Cycle 22, on the Critical Frequencies of F1 Layer over Baghdad
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This paper aims to study the effects of the long term solar activity on the critical frequencies of ionospheric F1 layer over Baghdad city, during the solar cycle 22, within (1988- 1995). It is found that the critical frequency of this layer is closely related to the sunspots number during the years of the solar cycle 22, at a middle latitude region of the world. The study discussed the effect of sunspot numbers and solar events on the electron densities of F1 layer, which is the most important ionospheric parameter.

Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Plant Archives
Assessment of organic carbon content in different topographic from northern Iraq using remote sensing technique and GIS
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Publication Date
Tue Apr 30 2024
Journal Name
Modern Sport
The effect of Core exercises in improving the strength and flexibility of the spine for injured women with herniated discs in the vertebrae (L4, L5)
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يعد العلاج الحركي من الوسائل العلاجية التأهيلية من الوسائل المهمة الامنة  لأنها تؤمن على حياة الانسان بكافة شؤونه وتعد التمرينات التأهيلية اسلوبا فعالاً وطبيعياً لا تعرض المريض الى مضاعفات على وظائف الجسم الاخرى لأنها خالية من اي دواء كيمياوي ضار ، كما استخدمت تقنيات حديثة في العلاج الطبيعي بشكل واسع معد حسب اسس علمية منها تمرينات (Core)  التي تساعد في تخفيف الالام بالانزلاق الغضروفي للفقرة الرابعة والخا

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Publication Date
Wed May 07 2008
Journal Name
Journal Of Kerbala University
Synthesis and Characterization of New Ligand type N2O2 and its complexes with (Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions
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The [2-hydroxy -1,2-diphynel-ethanone oxime] was reacted with 1,2- dichloroethan to give the new ligand [H2L].this ligand was reacted with some metal ions (Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),Zn(II) and Cd(II) in methanol as a solvent to give a series of new (1:1)complexes of the general formula [ M(HL)]Cl ,( where : M= Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),Zn(II) and Cd(II)) are isolated All compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic methods [ I.R , U.V -Vis ] atomic absorption . Chloride content along with conductivity measurements. From the above data the proposed molecular structure for (Co, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cd) complexes adopting a tetrahedral structure.

Publication Date
Tue Jan 15 2008
Journal Name
Journal Of Kerbala University
Synthesis and Characterization of New Ligand type N2O2 and its complexes with (Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions
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The [2-hydroxy-1, 2-diphynel-ethanone oxime] was reacted with 1, 2-dichloroethan to give the new ligand [H2L]. this ligand was reacted with some metal ions (Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) in methanol as a solvent to give a series of new (1: 1) complexes of the general formula [M (HL)] Cl,(where: M= Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II)) are isolated All compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic methods [IR, UV-Vis] atomic absorption. Chloride content along with conductivity measurements. From the above data the proposed molecular structure for (Co, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cd) complexes adopting a tetrahedral structure

Publication Date
Mon Dec 31 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
EFFECT OF ADDING TWO (Curcuma longa) LEVELS OF CURCUMA ON SOME PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR QUAIL JAPANESE.: EFFECT OF ADDING TWO (Curcuma longa) LEVELS OF CURCUMA ON SOME PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR QUAIL JAPANESE.
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A study carried out in quail’s field owned by the Department of Animal production/ Collage of Agriculture / Tikrit University. For the period 14/ 5/ 2016 to 4/ 6/ 2016 in order to study the effect of adding Curcuma longa - to the diet of quails - on some productive and physiological characteristics of the Japanese quail birds bred for meat production. Using (48) quail birds which are two weeks old provided by Department of Agricultural Research. The birds were divided randomly after weighing them into three treatments; four replicate treatments for (4 bird/ replicate). The treatments as follows: (T1) control group (fed diet without any supplement), second (T2) and third (T3) groups were fed diet supplemental 4.5 and 9g Curcuma powder /

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Publication Date
Sat May 15 2010
Journal Name
International Journal Of Poultry Science
Effect of Dietary Linseed on Egg Quality of Laying Quail
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This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with linseed on egg quality of laying quail. A total of 320 9-week-old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) 9-wk old were allocated to 4 treatment groups with 4 replicates containing 20 quail each. Birds were fed a commercial diet containing 0% (C), 2% (T1), 4% (T2), or 6% (T3) linseed. Birds received water and diet ad libitum during the total period of the experiment. Egg quality characteristics were monitored over 3 consecutive 21-d periods. Egg quality criteria involved in this experiment were egg weight, yolk diameter, yolk height, yolk weight, albumen height, albumen weight, shell weight, shell thickness, Haugh unit, albumen percentage, yolk perce

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